Estimating the Economic Benefits of Regional Ocean Observing Systems

This article introduces a theme issue of the Coastal Management Journal comprising a set of articles on the potential economic benefits from new investments in coastal ocean observing systems. We describe a methodology to estimate these benefits, and apply this methodology to generate preliminary estimates of such benefits. The approach focuses on coastal ocean observing information within ten geographic regions encompassing all coastal waters of the United States, and within a wide range of industrial and recreational activities including recreational fishing and boating, beach recreation, maritime transportation, search and rescue operations, spill response, marine hazards prediction, offshore energy, power generation, and commercial fishing. Our findings suggest that annual benefits to users are likely to run in the multiple $100s of millions of dollars. The project results should be considered first-order estimates that are subject to considerable refinement as the parameters of regional observing systems are better defined, and as our understanding of user sectors improves.     

基于土地开发收益的轨道交通间接利益还原模式研究

分析了目前我国城市轨道交通的投资和运营资本的来源和现状，结合廊道效应阐述了轨道交通对沿线区域土地不动产带来的利益及利益分配的不合理性。按照轨道交通对城市的功能作用，可分为引领城市的合理发展而建设的轨道交通和解决城市交通拥挤问题而建设的轨道交通两种情况，并分别讨论了间接利益的还原方式和指出要保证间接利益还原的合理性。     

营运货车“零公里”团购加油可行性分析

文章从营运车辆"零公里"团购加油可行性分析出发,从政策上、技术上等几个方面对在货运站场实行营运货车"零公里"团购加油的可行性进行了充分的阐述和分析,提出了营运货车"零公里"团购加油站点的最小经济规模确定方法和对应的货运站场规模的确定方法,为实施营运货车"零公里"团购加油模式奠定了理论及实践基础。     

Promoting Cycling for Transport: Research Needs and Challenges

Abstract

Near future travel-time information is one of the most critical factors that travellers consider before making trip decisions. In efforts to provide more reliable future travel-time estimations, transportation engineers have examined various techniques developed in the last three decades. However, there have not been sufficiently systematic and through reviews so far. In order to effectively support various transportation strategies and applications including Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it is necessary to apply appropriate forecasting methods for matching circumstances in a timely manner. This paper conducts a comprehensive review study focusing on literatures, including modern techniques proposed recently, related to travel time and traffic condition predictions that are based on ‘data-driven' approaches. Based on the underlying mechanisms and theoretical principles, different approaches are categorized as parametric (linear regression and time series) and non-parametric approaches (artificial intelligence and pattern searching). Then, the approaches are analysed for their strengths, potential weaknesses, and performances from five main perspectives that are prediction range, accuracy, efficiency, applicability, and robustness.     

Transit investment and economic development

This paper describes the development of approaches to analysing the links between investment in transit and economic development. It indicates the need to bring together disparate approaches from urban economics and transportation economics to get a full understanding and uses recent results on agglomeration economies to present a more rigorous model of the wider economic benefits of transit investment. Although the evidence increasingly points towards identifiable benefits over and above those captured in conventional transport cost-benefit analysis, the chapter counsels against the assumption of simple rules.     

逆向物流管理理论与应用

该文通过实施体验和行业特点重新解读了逆向物流的定义和特点,分析了开展的必要性和当前的主要制约因素,指出开展过程中遇到的主要问题,进行总结和思考,结合自身开展业务取得的经验成果,提出了解决逆向物流运行发展中的存在问题的方法。     

论上海地铁产业的增值业务

地铁产业的增值源泉,在于它的网络化生存、信息化服务和体验化需求,即源于同地铁网络相匹配的需求网络、服务网络和信息网络,以及由服务网络形成的满足消费者的体验需求.介绍了地铁产业的经营业务:乘客信息显示系统,地铁文化产业、地铁商务服务,其业务运作的路径是三维立体的,其经营方式是错位经营、品牌经营和网络经营.核心在于提供消费者的增值价值的同时为地铁带来巨大的经济和社会价值.     

基于蚁群算法的多跑道航班协同调度建模

针对终端区航班拥堵问题,模型通过读取进离场航班的航班号、机型和所属航空公司等实时信息,以提高航空公司效益性和航空公司之间竞争公平性为目标,建立了多跑道航班协同调度（CDM GDP）的多目标动态优化模型,采用蚁群算法对模型进行仿真.经过仿真验证表明,模型优化算法与先到先服务（FCFS）状态下航班排序相比,延误损失降低70.10%;延误损失偏差和降低38.64%.     

连云港港疏港航道整治工程土方综合利用效益分析

连云港港疏港航道整治工程施工过程中产生大量土方,土方的综合利用成为整治工程中的新问题。文章在对综合利用方式进行研究的基础上,对连云港港疏港航道整治工程土方的综合利用效益进行分析,重点分析其社会、经济和生态效益。     

The influence of travel time variability on the value of time

Current benefits from travel time savings have only been related to the benefits from reducing mean travel time. Some previous attempts of including variability in the generalised cost function have mainly assumed commuters with fixed arrival time. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for valuing travel time variability that allows for any journey purpose and arrival time constraint. The proposed model is based on the expected utility approach and the mean-standard deviation approach. Stated Preference methods are considered the best technique for providing the data for calibrating the models. The values of time derived from the models are highly influenced by the value of travel time variability and it strongly depends on the probability distribution function travellers are faced with.