基于B／S体系结构的铁路电务段管理信息系统的研究

主要介绍基于B/S（Browser/Server)体系结构的铁路电务段管理信息系统的构建，对系统的特点及基于ASP的数据库开发过程进行了分析。     

基于CATIA标准件参数化设计及标准件库建立

针对标准件其标准化、系列化以及通用化的特点,为了减少标准件的重复设计,缩短标准件的整个开发周期,方便标准件数据的管理,文章分析了标准件参数化设计的设计方法、设计思路以及实现方法。通过以汽车标准件中的某型号螺栓为例,运用CATIAV5软件对其进行参数化设计建模并以之为基础建立了标准件库。结果表明,标准件的参数化设计和标准件库的建立切实有效,既提高了设计效率,又方便了用户的管理。     

基于动力刚度法与离散方案库的船舶板架结构动力优化设计

文章提出了一种基于动力刚度法和离散方案库的船舶板架结构动力优化设计方法。首先把船舶板架结构分解成由多个离散梁组成的组合结构,使用动力刚度法来分析计算带有机械隔振装置的船舶板架结构的固有频率和动力响应;应用等效静力算法计算结构在动载荷下的应力分布。与传统有限元方法相比较,文中分析方法具有计算精度好、运算速度快的优点。针对船舶板架结构的特点,结构动力优化设计选取纵桁和横向构件剖面惯性矩作为设计变量以减少设计变量的个数,并建立满足构件剖面尺寸搭配关系要求的构件尺寸方案库,在方案库中选择惯性矩大于设计变量取值且剖面面积最小的构件,直接得到结构参数离散值。最后通过船舶板架结构的动力优化实例验证了文中方法的有效性。     

应用SQL数据库实现动力电池配组功能

为了从大量记录筛选出一致性较好的电池进行配组,本文提出一种基于SQL数据库的方案实现电池配组功能,无需复杂的算法,开发效率高,具有良好可扩展性并支持标准用户接口,并在实际应用中取得了良好效果。     

某型导弹快艇装备器材保障管理系统的设计与实现

对系统的总体结构进行了设计,并基于此结构,根据器材管理信息和业务流程,选择了合理的硬件和软件平台,运用软件工程原理和面向对象的设计思想,采用网络技术、Oracle数据库和容错技术,实现了对系统的功能模块、软界面和数据库的设计。系统的研究严格遵循军用软件开发规范,整个软件开发过程规范化、系统化、工程化,保证了系统的实用性、先进性、可靠性和安全性。测试结果也充分表明,该系统基本能满足系统的功能要求和设计要求。     

盾构始发与到达设计与施工决策分析系统研制

为了控制盾构施工的风险和提高盾构设计与施工的决策效率,采用资料分析、理论计算和软件开发的方法,对盾构始发与到达施工决策相关基础与应用问题进行了全面研究。得到以下研究成果:1)提出盾构始发和到达的风险分类,并以此为基础,研究了不同加固方案下盾构始发与到达施工存在的风险问题;2)通过对端头地层稳定性的研究,提出端头地层稳定性分析与判别方法,构建始发与到达加固方案知识库;3)建立一个包含100个工程的案例数据库,为决策系统提供了数据库支撑;4)基于工程案例数据库,研制具有地层稳定性判别、加固方法选择、加固范围确定、反力架支撑验算、风险分析、施组设计标准化等功能的盾构始发与到达设计与施工决策辅助系统,有助于工程设计与施工方案的科学分析与决策。     

Are young Americans carless across the United States? A spatial analysis

This study uses the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data to investigate the most recent correlates of vehicle ownership among young Americans. This study performs a spatial analysis to examine the potentially non-stationary relationships between sociodemographic factors and vehicle ownership. Consistent with previous studies, modeling results from this study showed that young Americans are more likely to be carless than older adults. The spatial analysis answers the research question – in which regions(s) young Americans are even less likely to have a car. The results highlighted the Northeast states for the young American’s extra-lower vehicle ownership if the influences of all other factors are held constant. The cost of living and availability of transportation alternatives are possible reasons. Further, this study built separate models for young adults (25–34 years old) and three older age groups. The vehicle ownership correlates within the young adults are found to be generally consistent with the correlates among all adults. Among young adults, vehicle ownership is still significantly related to their gender, educational attainment, employment status, household characteristics, and travel demand. However, young adults’ vehicle ownership seems to be less sensitive to household income than mid-age adults’ (35–44 years old), perhaps because young people may not perceive financial stress such as child support and mortgage. This study contributes by using a spatial analysis approach to reveal the non-stationary correlates of vehicle ownership. This approach is useful for future travel behavior research and transportation policy considering the spatial heterogeneity.     

Assessment of spatial transferability of an activity-based model,TASHA

Spatial transferability has been recognized as a useful validation test for travel demand models. To date, however, transferability of activity-based models has not been frequently assessed. This paper assesses the spatial transferability of an activity-based model, TASHA (Travel Activity Scheduler for Household Agents), which has been developed for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada. TASHA has been transferred to the context of the Island of Montreal, Canada using the 2003 Origin–Destination (O–D) travel survey and the 2001 Canadian Census. It generates daily schedules of activities (individual and joint) for each individual in this region. The modelled activity attributes (frequency, start time, duration and distance) from TASHA and observed attributes from the 2003 O–D travel survey are compared for five different activities (i.e. work, school, shopping, other, and return to home). At the aggregate level, TASHA provides quite reasonable outcomes (in some cases – better results than for the Toronto Area) for all four attributes for work, school and return to home activities with few exceptions (for instance, school start time). The model outcomes are also promising for shopping frequency and start times; however, TASHA provides larger differences for average shopping durations and distances. Only the forecasts for all four attributes for the ‘other’ activity type differ greatly with the observed attributes for the Montreal Island. These large differences most likely indicate the differences in behaviour between the Montreal Island and the Toronto Area. In general, we conclude that re-estimation of model parameters and the use of local activity attribute distributions (frequency, start time and duration) is a desirable step in the transfer of the TASHA model from one context to another.     

Factors affecting public transportation usage rate: Geographically weighted regression

As the number of private vehicles grows worldwide, so does air pollution and traffic congestion, which typically constrain economic development. To achieve transportation sustainability and continued economic development, the dependency on private vehicles must be decreased by increasing public transportation usage. However, without knowing the key factors that affect public transportation usage, developing strategies that effectively improve public transportation usage is impossible. Therefore, this study respectively applies global and local regression models to identify the key factors of usage rates for 348 regions (township or districts) in Taiwan. The global regression model, the Tobit regression model (TRM), is used to estimate one set of parameters that are associated with explanatory variables and explain regional differences in usage rates, while the local regression model, geographically weighted regression (GWR), estimates parameters differently depending on spatial correlations among neighbouring regions. By referencing related studies, 32 potential explanatory variables in four categories, social-economic, land use, public transportation, and private transportation, are chosen. Model performance is compared in terms of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and spatial autocorrelation coefficient (Moran’ I). Estimation results show that the GWR model has better prediction accuracy and better accommodation of spatial autocorrelation. Seven variables are significantly tested, and most have parameters that differ across regions in Taiwan. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed that improve public transportation usage.     

船舶智能设计浅析

随着《中国制造2025》提出综合实力进入世界制造强国前列的制造强国战略目标,基于新一代信息技术产业的智能制造工程正在各个产业迅速推进。但作为制造强国基础的智能工厂并不仅仅局限于智能制造,还应该包括智能设计、全范围的智能物流和智能管控等。其中智能设计是缩短产品研制周期的关键,通过智能设计产生最优化的数据、高正确率数据是缩减制造周期降低制造成本的关键。文章简要剖析智能设计在船舶行业的应用,基于现状展望智能设计的发展方向,并分析了发展智能设计所需的数据系统建设。