A substitute model of two-dimensional dry friction exposed to dither generated by rolling contact of wheel and rail

Dither generated by rolling contact of wheel and rail smoothes dry friction damping provided by the primary suspension dampers of freight wagons and it should be taken into account in numerical simulations. But numerically the problem is non-smooth and this leads to long execution time during simulation, especially when the vehicle with friction dampers is modelled in the environment of an multi-body system simulation program, whose solver has to cope with many strong non-linearities. The other difficulty is the necessity of handling within the code a number of big volume files of recorded dither sampled with high frequency. To avoid these difficulties, a substitute model of two-dimensional dry friction exposed to dither is proposed that does not need application of dither during simulation, but it behaves as if dither were applied. Due to this property of the model, the excitation of the vehicle model by track irregularities may be supplied as low-frequency input, which allows fast execution and, the necessity of handling high-volume files of recorded dither is avoided. The substitute model is numerically effective. To identify parameters of the substitute model, a pre-processing employing a sample of the realistic dither is carried-out on a simple two-degrees-of-freedom system. The substitute model is anisotropic, describing anisotropic properties of the two-dimensional friction arising in the presence of one-dimensional dither. The model may be applied in other branches of engineering, for example, in mechatronics and robotics, where application of dither may improve the accuracy of positioning devices.     

摩擦焊在十吨挂车车轴焊接中的应用

摩擦焊技术以其可靠的工艺、稳定的质量、安全的使用性在汽车零部件制造中得到认可。摩擦焊过程参数控制和工艺验证，是保证挂车车轴焊接可靠性的重要条件，对挂车车轴生产质量的稳定起着关键性作用。     

温度对旋转钻进破岩功耗的影响研究

岩石在常温、常压下的变形破坏理论已非常成熟，但随着钻探深度不断的增加，岩石将要面临高地温、高围压的环境，这些因素将直接影响钻进过程。通过研究旋转钻进过程中能量的传递转移，建立岩石破碎的简化模型，利用单位体积破岩能耗来探究温度对钻进过程的影响。研究结果表明:随着钻进深度的增加，在一定的围压作用下，温度升高而岩石的弹性模量却逐渐减小，压入深度随温度升高呈抛物线形上升，破岩功耗随温度呈曲线上升，并在经过阀值温度400℃后趋于平缓。     

Multibody dynamics modelling of the freight train bogie system

Previous work in the railway technology laboratory at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) focused on better capturing the dynamics of the friction wedge, modelled using three-dimensional rigid body dynamics with unilateral contact conditions. The current study extends the previous work to a half-bogie model treated as an application of multibody dynamics with unilateral contact to model the friction wedge interactions with the bolster and the sideframe. The half-bogie model was derived using MATLAB and functions as a three dimensional, dynamic, and multibody dynamics model comprised of four rigid bodies: a bolster, two friction wedges, and a sideframe assembly. This expanded model allows each wedge four degrees of freedom: vertical displacement, longitudinal displacement (between the bolster and sideframe), pitch (rotation around the lateral axis), and yaw (rotation around the vertical axis). The bolster and the sideframe are constrained to have only the vertical degree of freedom. The geometry of these bodies can be adjusted for various simulation scenarios. The bolster can be initialised with a pre-defined yaw (rotation around the vertical axis) and the sideframe may be initialised with a pre-defined pitch/toe (rotation around the lateral axis). The results of the multibody dynamics in half-bogie model simulation are shown in comparison with results from NUCARS^®, an industry standard in train-modelling software, for similar inputs.     

半刚性基层材料动态模量研究

文章针对我国常用的水泥稳定碎石和二灰稳定碎石两种半刚性材料,通过大量的室内试验研究,建立了两种材料动态模量与无侧限抗压强度和静态模量的关系,为没有条件进行动态模量试验的单位进行路面结构设计提供建议。     

基于动态模量试验的沥青混合料老化性能研究

为研究沥青混合料老化过程中的动态特性,对在不同温度条件下经受不同频率的动荷载的沥青混合料在不同老化期的动态模量进行试验,分析温度和荷载频率对动态模量及相位角的影响,采用车辙因子对沥青混合料的高温稳定性进行评价,并根据时间温度等效原理建立了不同老化程度的动态模量主曲线。研究结果表明：老化沥青混合料的动态模量和相位角具有明显的温度和频率依赖性,老化使沥青混合料动态模量增大,相位角减小。动态模量主曲线研究结果表明老化使沥青混合料的动态模量在整个温度（或频率）范围内变化幅度减小。     

PC梁桥长束纵向预应力筋优化布置研究

针对目前结构设计中影响纵向预应力损失的主要因素，优化大跨径PC梁桥长束纵向预应力束为较短柬．以减小预应力张拉过程中产生的摩阻损失，提高悬臂施工过程中箱梁根部预应力储备，改善成桥后的应力状态，增强L／4截面混凝土的抗剪能力。     

铝电源线在轻型商用车上的应用研究

本文从铝电源线的制造工艺、基本参数、外防护、理论计算和台架测试等方面进行分析,论证其在轻型商用车上代替铜电源线的可行性。     

引入迭代阈值判决导引判决反馈盲均衡算法

基于判决圆的常数模算法(CMA)和判决导引算法(DD)相结合的判决反馈盲均衡算法(CMA+DD),在均衡的起始阶段,由于眼图未睁开,DD算法无法收敛,导致收敛速度慢.为了加快收敛速度,在迭代过程中引入迭代阈值limit,以修改CMA+DD算法的判决条件,从而得到改进的CMA+DD算法(MCMA+DD).该算法在均衡的起始阶段先采用CMA迭代limit次,然后再根据判决圆进行切换.水声信道仿真结果表明,MCMA+DD算法收敛速度快;迭代阈值不同,影响收敛速度;仍具有冷启动和重新启动能力.     

既有线车辆用车轴轮座上裂纹扩展性评价

介绍在既有线车辆轮座部位加工深度不等的人工伤痕,实施疲劳试验,并进行裂纹扩展性评价的结果.