Physical environments influencing bicyclists’ perception of comfort on separated and on-street bicycle facilities

This study investigates the impacts of physical environments on bicyclists’ perceptions of comfort on separated and on-street bicycle facilities. Based on a field investigation conducted in Nanjing, China, we find that physical environmental factors significantly influencing bicyclists’ perception of comfort on the two types of facility. Cyclists’ comfort is mainly influenced by the road geometry and surrounding conditions on physically separated paths while they pay attention to the effective riding space and traffic situations on on-street bicycle lanes.     

Promoting public bike-sharing: A lesson from the unsuccessful Pronto system

In 2014, Seattle implemented its own bike-sharing system, Pronto. However, the system ultimately ceased operation three years later on March 17th, 2017. To learn from this failure, this paper seeks to understand factors that encourage, or discourage, bike-sharing trip generation and attraction at the station level. This paper investigates the effects of land use, roadway design, elevation, bus trips, weather, and temporal factors on three-hour long bike pickups and returns at each docking station. To address temporal autocorrelations and the nonlinear seasonality, the paper implements a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) that incorporates the joint effects of a time metric and time-varying variables. The paper estimates models on total counts of pickups and returns, as well as pickups categorized by user types and by location. The results clarify that effects of hilly terrain and the rainy weather, two commonly perceived contributors to the failure. Additionally, results suggest that users in the University District, presumably mostly university students, tend to use shared bikes in neighborhoods with a higher household density and a higher percentage of residential land use, and make bike-sharing trips regardless workdays or non-workdays. The paper also contributes to the discussion on the relationship between public transportation service and bike-sharing. In general, users tend to use bike-sharing more at stations that have more scheduled bus trips nearby. However, some bike-sharing users may shift to bus services during peak hours and rainy weather. Several strategies are proposed accordingly to increase bike ridership in the future.     

穿越古滑坡川主寺隧道围岩破坏特征及稳定性研究

文章以川主寺隧道所处的工程地质条件为基础,通过现场调研分析了隧道围岩变形破坏形式主要为坍塌、掉块以及剥落.围岩稳定性三维有限元数值模拟结果显示,碎裂围岩自稳能力差,围岩变形以弹塑性变形、松弛变形为主；H型钢拱架支护结构对碎裂围岩稳定性起到积极的作用,并通过典型洞段现场位移监测数据分析结果得以证实.     

深中通道工程对伶仃洋水流环境的影响

伶仃洋是珠江河口东四口门入汇的喇叭状河口湾,径、潮交汇,动力复杂。利用伶仃洋河口潮流数学模型从潮位、流速、流态、动力格局方面探讨了深中通道工程建设对伶仃洋河口潮流动力环境的影响。研究结果表明:深中通道工程建设对伶仃洋潮流动力环境影响的范围和强度均以西人工岛附近为最大,锚碇水域次之,东人工岛及桥区附近相对较小;近岛、桥局部区域潮位及流场的变化比较明显,对伶仃洋滩槽总体格局影响不大。     

极高地应力区隧道地质特征及围岩变形机制研究

以某在建高速铁路隧道作为工程实例,结合地质情况,从初始应力、岩体结构和地下水分析了影响围岩的因素。运用理论分析和现场监控量测反馈结果等综合方法,从监控量测数据时态曲线特征、方向性、累计变化量、变形速率、时效性、现场围岩变形情况、隧道施工影响、变形段变形差异性等方面系统分析了极高地应力区隧道围岩变形特征及机制,并得出如下主要结论:1)极高地应力区围岩应力释放有一定的过程,不同的围岩应力释放的速度可能不同,爆破对围岩产生扰动,将一定程度加速围岩应力的释放。2)围岩地质条件不同,变形规律会表现出一定的差异性。3)围岩的变形机制,层状围岩的变形破坏一般形成几个区域:破坏区,崩塌,滑动滑移,张裂、弯曲及折断。4)本隧道围岩变形特征主要是由极高地应力和岩体结构综合决定的,隧道初期支护变形情况一定程度上是隧道围岩变形特征的有效反映。     

CCS水电站引水隧洞双护盾TBM施工围岩分类研究

为了对双护盾TBM隧洞施工中的围岩进行分类,以厄瓜多尔CCS水电站引水隧洞为例,参考RMR围岩分类方法,通过伸缩护盾的间隙和刀盘的空隙对洞壁和掌子面围岩进行观测,结合岩渣及掘进参数,获取岩石的质量指标RQD、节理间距和节理性状等信息。通过综合分析,选取岩石的回弹值、围岩的完整性、岩石的质量指标RQD、刀盘推力、刀盘扭矩、片状岩渣含量和地下水渗流量作为围岩分类的指标,然后对7个指标分别赋值,建立围岩的分类标准,并通过求和的方法进行综合围岩分类。分类结果表明:选取的7个指标可以克服双护盾TBM施工时无法对围岩进行全面地质素描的困难,可以满足TBM快速施工的需要,并且能较真实地反映围岩的情况,分类结果可靠。     

薄基岩顶板隧道爆破施工围岩稳定性分析

为更有效地进行薄基岩顶板条件下隧道施工安全控制,以某高速公路隧道为工程背景,运用数值模拟的方法,分别研究不同顶板厚度下隧道爆破施工引起的围岩振速分布特征及其对围岩的损伤情况,并进行围岩稳定性分析。结果表明:1)当顶板厚度在5 m及以上时,围岩是稳定的;2)当顶板厚度为3 m时,最危险横断面上基岩顶板内开始产生严重的拉伸裂缝及一些径向裂缝,将形成超挖;3)当顶板厚度≤2 m时,径向裂缝贯穿顶板岩体,围岩稳定性较差,在掌子面后1 m内可能发生塌落、掉块等事故。     

公路建设中的环境问题探讨

对公路建设环境保护作了比较深入地分析与探讨,总结归纳了公路施工环境保护工作的重点与措施。     

钢筋混凝土阻锈剂电迁移阻锈技术

迁移型阻锈剂是抑制混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的材料之一,但对于致密的混凝土,其迁移能力有限。采用电化学方法在含C1-的混凝土模拟孔隙液中筛选3种迁移性有机阻锈剂,研究在自然和电场条件下阻锈剂在钢筋混凝土试件中的渗透和对钢筋的阻锈能力。试验结果表明,BE对钢筋的阻锈效果优于市售同类国外产品,其对钢筋的阴极和阳极电化学过程均有抑制作用,是一种混合型阻锈剂;电场作用能加速BE在混凝土中的渗透,提高阻锈效果。     

空空导弹发展趋势研究

空空导弹在现代空战中对夺取制空权至关重要,是许多国家重点发展的武器装备。论文介绍了空空导弹的发展历程,通过分析未来战场环境对空空导弹性能的影响,指出了未来空空导弹的发展趋势。