天然气输送用双抗型钢管的焊接工艺试验研究

为了研究影响双抗型钢管的抗氢诱导裂纹和抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂的产生因素,对某双抗型钢管采用双V型坡口形式,通过不同线能量下手工电弧焊工艺施焊后,对焊接接头的力学性能、焊接裂纹性能、最高硬度、金相组织进行试验分析。采用美国腐蚀工程师协会的试验方法进行试验,发现钢管焊缝试样的硫化氢应力腐蚀裂纹大多沿着粒状贝氏体晶界和焊缝组织不均匀部位分布,并且硬度越高,裂纹敏感性越高。     

船舶压载舱沉积物接收处置现状、问题及履约管理对策

《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理国际公约(2004)》要求妥善处理和处置压载舱沉积物,以防止有害生物入侵。为研究履约现状,选取13家从事压载水沉积物清理、接收及处理作业的修船厂进行了系统调研,结果表明普遍存在防污染措施不全、接收处理作业不规范、接收设施技术标准缺失、管理要求不明确等问题。在分析压载水沉积物的来源、危害、产生量等特性的基础上,结合公约和国内要求,从标准规范完善、监管部门协作、接收设施配套、公约法规宣贯和科技研发支撑等方面分析提出了履约对策。研究成果为有关压载水沉积物相关标准规范、技术政策的制定提供参考,有助于加强压载舱沉积物防污染管理,提升国际公约履行水平。     

不同温拌剂对沥青路用性能的影响

为研究不同类型温拌剂对于沥青性能的影响,选择常用降黏型温拌剂Sasobit和发泡型温拌剂Aspha-min分别加入到基质沥青和SBS改性沥青中,通过针入度、软化点、延度及黏度试验,研究对比这两类温拌剂对沥青感温性能、高低温性能及黏滞性的影响.由等黏温度定理,推算出部分温拌沥青混合料的施工温度,并以此对比分析其降温效果....     

船舶焊接末端受电抖振及其电频细化研究

船舶焊接领域中，钢板等焊接不可避免的会产生焊接残余应力，针对这一问题，文章通过分析焊接机器人焊枪末端受电抖振及其扰动等影响来揭示其响应规律。首先通过搭建的焊接模型阐明焊接过程动力学特性，然后研究不同特性电弧力对焊枪运动稳定性的影响，探索末端焊枪作业稳定性与焊接区电弧力及电源频率等参量之间响应关系，并对多组不同驱动电频下的焊接运动进行动力学仿真，得到电频变化与电弧力的对应规律。研究表明，焊接电源频率的有效细化有利于末端焊枪焊接运动过程的平稳，且发现最优焊接电源频率在10HZ邻域时焊枪末端动态振动最小，通过控制电源频率大小能明显抑制焊枪振动，在一定程度上降低残余应力大小，有利于船舶焊接表面质量的提高。     

Size effect on residual stress in low transformation temperature welded joints

It has been reported that low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metals are beneficial to generation of compressive residual stress around weld zone. In this study, the relationship among residual stress, size effect of LTT welded joints with different plate width and thickness as well as martensite start (Ms) temperatures was investigated by experimental and finite-element analysis. It was found that heat dissipation and thermal expansion coefficient of LTT weld metal had a significant impact on residual stress. Welded joint with a small plate width led to greater compressive residual stresses in the LTT weld, which was due to the lower heat dissipation and smaller thermal expansion coefficient of the LTT weld metal in due course of cooling process. Additionally, the finite-element analysis revealed that increasing plate width mainly affected the longitudinal residual stress, while increasing the plate thickness influenced all the residual stress components in the LTT weld. Furthermore, the LTT weld with a lower Ms temperature of 191 °C resulted in greater compressive residual stresses, and was less sensitive to the LTT joint size, as against the Ms temperature of 398 °C.     

Risk perception affecting the performance of shipping companies: the moderating effect of China and Korea

Risks in the shipping industry have been highlighted and have attracted significant attention, especially following the bankruptcy of Hanjin in 2017. Due to the decrease in container volume, the business environment for large shipping companies in China has deteriorated. Therefore, major large shipping companies have implemented mixed ownership reform, which provides more opportunities for large Korean shipping companies to enter the Chinese shipping industry. This study first identifies risk perception, specifically focusing on the moderating effect of Chinese and Korean shipping companies, and then demonstrates the impact of these risks on shipping company performance. The results show that market, operational, and technical risks have a negative influence on Chinese shipping companies, whereas market, policy, financial, operations, and technical risks have a negative influence on Korean shipping companies. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the effect of risk perception on performance among shipping companies in both countries and calls for further research on risk management plans based on the risk factors identified herein. On a practical level, this study provides an important reference for operators and investors who seek to enter strategic alliances or joint venture in Chinese shipping industry.     

复合纤维混凝土的早期抗裂性能

通过在水泥基体中加入纤维素纤维(CTF)、聚乙烯醇纤维(PF)、复合微筋纤维(VS)3种性能各异的纤维,分析了其单掺与混掺时混凝土的早期抗裂性能.结果表明:单掺时PF在3种纤维中对早期抗裂性能贡献最大,但混掺时CTF,VS可与PF形成互补,产生正混杂效应,其中CTF与PF共同遏制早期微裂纹的扩展,VS在微裂纹扩展为裂缝时发挥"桥接"作用,从而增强混凝土早期抗裂性能.研究结果可为研发高性能水泥基复合纤维材料提供参考.     

绞吸式挖泥船泥浆管道输送系统MFAFC研究

为了得到优于绞吸式挖泥船泥浆流速的常规PID控制策略 ，本文提出了一种新型控制方案——无模型自适应前馈控制：该方案利用无模型自适应控制算法的设计仅仅依赖被控对象的输入输出、动态线性化方法、自身的时变参数并结合前馈控制算法等， 很好地解决了挖泥船泥浆管道输送系统的建模困难、非线性、大惯性、参数时变、强耦合等问题。并将其进行流速跟踪试验，算法通用性试验以及抗干扰实验，结果表明该方案具有较强的跟踪性能和较好的通用性以及鲁棒性等。最后将其与常规PID控制进行比较，得出在泥浆管道输送系统流速控制中，无模型自适应前馈控制具有较好的控制效果。针对绞吸式挖泥船泥浆管道输送系统的流速控制，此控制方案符合实际要求和创新性，并进一步为实物应用研究打下坚定的理论基础。     

铝合金地铁车辆端部结构总成焊接变形控制

文章根据铝合金地铁车辆端部结构主要焊缝的形式和焊缝在结构中的分布位置,对焊接应力产生的变形进行分析,并通过调整施焊顺序、预制焊接反变形和控制焊接参数等有效的工艺控制措施,减少焊接变形,降低调校工作量,保证产品质量。     

汲水斗对水面飞行器水动力性能的影响

[目的]基于数值和试验方法研究汲水斗不同状态下水面飞行器的水动力性能变化规律。[方法]首先,通过试验方法研究水面飞行器放下汲水斗时在不同速度及不同排水量下的水动力性能;然后,采用CFD数值方法求解不同速度下,无、收起和放下汲水斗3种情况下水面飞行器的黏性绕流场。[结果]结果显示,随着速度的增大,在相同汲水量下,水面飞行器的总阻力、升沉幅度均随之增大,纵倾角减小;随着汲水量的增大,其总阻力、纵倾角和升沉幅度增大;汲水斗放下时水面飞行器的总阻力明显增大,升沉增大,但纵倾角减小;汲水斗收起时对水面飞行器的水动力性能影响不大。[结论]所得研究结果对水面飞行器汲水斗的优化设计具有重要指导意义。