高速列车侧风安全域计算方法

使用参数传递、求解控制以及动态网格技术,建立了侧风流体动力学模型和高速列车多体动力学模型,通过对列车外流场和系统响应进行协同仿真,获得不同侧风环境下列车的稳定姿态和气动载荷,研究了列车运行的安全性指标,分析了不同侧风环境下列车安全运行的临界速度,确定了列车的侧风作用安全域。计算结果表明：随着列车运行速度和侧风强度的增大...     

适应气候变化的经济政策研究

气候变化是当今世界面对的最富有挑战性的问题之一,国际社会应对气候变化主要集中在减缓问题上,且进展缓慢。气候变化的敏感领域也就是适应气候变化的重点领域,包括卫生部门、农牧业、水资源和海岸资源及林业、生态系统和生物多样性等。经济政策可以优化应对气候变化的资源配置,提高社会对气候变化的适应性。本文提出了相应的政策建议。     

三峡水库蓄水诱发神女溪岸坡破坏机制研究

在相关文献研究的基础上,列举出诱发巫山神女溪滑坡的因素,从而分析巫山神女溪由于三峡水库蓄水前后,水位变动诱发库岸滑坡的机理,研究其破坏形成机制是防治库岸滑坡的核心.简述在库水位变化情况下,岸坡库水间相互作用及其岸坡稳定性分析的计算方法.     

岸线变化对天津近岸海域污染物输移扩散影响研究

应用MIKE21数学模型对天津近岸海域潮流场进行数值模拟,同时考虑天津近岸海域5个典型河口污染物输入的影响,计算了大小潮作用下COD输移扩散范嗣,并研究了岸线变化对COD输移扩散范围的影响.结果表明,岸线的变化对北塘口及天津港附近COD的输移扩散有较大影响.岸线变化后,大小潮高低潮时刻对应的0.001 mg/L浓度等值...     

自动调温阀拆除对柴油机危害的分析

文章叙述了柴油机冷却水自动调温阀的工作原理和调温特性,分析了调温阀拆除后冷却水温的变化及对柴油机性能的影响,并就维修中燃烧室组件的大量更换是否与调温阀的拆除有关进行了探讨。     

Insights on disruptions as opportunities for transport policy change

Policy change is characterised as being slow and incremental over long time periods. In discussing a radical shift to a low carbon economy, many researchers identify a need for a more significant and rapid change to transport policy and travel patterns. However, it is not clear what is meant by rapid policy change and what conditions might be needed to support its delivery.Our contention in this paper is that notions of habit and stability dominate thinking about transport trends and the policy responses to them. We limit variability in our data collection and seek to design policies and transport systems that broadly support the continuation of existing practices. This framing of the policy context limits the scale of change deemed plausible and the scope of activities and actions that could be used to effect it.This paper identifies evidence from two sources to support the contention that more radical policy change is possible. First, there is a substantial and on-going churn in household travel behaviour which, harnessed properly over the medium term, could provide the raw material for steering behaviour change. Secondly, there is a growing evidence base analysing significant events at local, regional and national level which highlight how travellers can adapt to major change to network conditions, service availability and social norms. Taken together, we contend that the population is far more adaptable to major change than the policy process currently assumes.Disruptions and the responses to them provide a window on the range of adaptations that are possible (and, given that we can actually observe people carrying them out, could be more widely acceptable) given the current configuration of the transport system. In other words, if we conceptualise the system as one in which disruptions are commonplace, then different policy choices become tractable. Policy change itself can also be seen as a positive disruption, which could open up a raft of new opportunities to align policy implementation with the capacity for change. However, when set against the current framing of stability and habit, disruption can also be a major political embarrassment. We conclude that rather than being inherently problematic, disruption are in fact an opportunity through which to construct a different approach to transport policy that might enable rather than frustrate significant, low carbon change.     

长江口南汇边滩短期冲淤变化分析

南汇边滩位于长江口和杭州湾的交汇地带,受长江口和杭州湾北岸两股潮流的控制,近年来由于低潮滩促淤围垦工程导致其水流和泥沙运移、沉积和地貌发生了显著的变化。根据2006—2008年南汇边滩测图及2007年11月—2008年11月每个季度的9个断面测量资料,结合区域内的泥沙沉积特征,探讨南汇边滩对周边涉水围垦工程和流域来水来沙变异做出适应性地貌耦合过程之后的近期冲淤演变规律,着重探讨季节性冲淤特征。结果表明:年度上南汇东滩以淤长为主,南汇南滩以冲刷为主。不同季节南汇边滩冲淤变化过程存在很大差异:平面上,南汇边滩等深线夏、冬季以淤进为主,春、秋季以蚀退为主;垂向上,南汇东滩断面呈春夏秋冲淤交替、冬季淤积的态势,南汇嘴断面呈秋季冲刷、冬夏季淤积的态势,而位于南汇南滩的断面则呈秋冬季冲刷、春夏季淤积态势。南汇东滩沉积物粒径总体上较细,东滩与南滩交汇处的南汇嘴附近中值粒径相对较粗,南汇南滩浅滩沉积物颗粒中值粒径最粗。     

单线隧道24 m仰拱栈桥施工技术研究

为了加快单线隧道施工进度,并确定24 m自行式液压栈桥施工流程和工艺,通过对24 m栈桥仰拱施工一次性浇筑、一次性浇筑24 m并加防裂网片、分区段12 m同步施工,3种施工方案进行分析,发现一次性浇筑及增加防裂筋施工工艺会出现仰拱断面开裂,分区段12 m同步浇筑既保证仰拱断面无裂纹,也加快了施工进度。文中同时提出多工作面施工理念,合理加快施工进度;通过微创微改在配套的矮边墙模板上焊接定位卡、堵头板采用钢木混合安装,反坡排水;安装移动水箱和预留水沟槽等工艺。     

成品油税费改革对西部道路客货运输的影响及对策

国家实行成品油税费改革,给西部道路客货运输业的发展带来了机遇和挑战。文章从道路运输管理部门和道路客货运输企业的角度阐述成品油税费改革对行业管理与企业发展的机遇和挑战,并结合实际提出了应对策略与建议。     

Mathematical properties and constraints representation for bottom-up approaches to the evaluation of GHG mitigation policies

Bottom-up models, including MARKAL, MESSAGE and AIM, are widely used when analyzing the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement policies. These bottom-up models are mostly formulated as a linear programming (LP) optimization model to find both the minimal cost combination of abatement technologies and energy flows while satisfying demands. It is not unusual that the bottom-up modeling involves a great number of technical, industrial, socioeconomic and environmental constraints. Investigating representative constraints needed for analyzing GHG abatement policies, this study proposes how to implement these constraints in bottom-up modeling.