我国铁道列车紧急制动距离限值核定原则的探讨

列车紧急制动距离限值涉及列车制动限速、信号机布置、速度监控模式等相关重大技术问题,并受粘着条件、非粘制动介入程度以及制动减速度等条件限制。基于列车动能与列车制动力功(含阻力功)相等的条件,建立了普遍的铁道列车紧急制动距离限值的核定原则及计算模式,分析与选择了回转质量系数、制动粘着系数、粘着系数利用程度、列车单位基本阻力、非粘制动比例系数、安全距离、制动空走时间以及制动减速度等相关参数。描述并阐明:我国制动粘着系数公式(湿轨)可扩展应用于更高速度范围;粘着系数利用程度因制动装备技术水平而异;非粘制动比例系数可达20%～40%;旅客列车的紧急制动平均减速度宜控制在0 08g～0 1g以内,最大不宜超过0 12g,货物列车的紧急制动平均减速度可按旅客列车的60%～70%考虑。推荐的核定原则与计算模式适用于所有轮轨系列车。     

Developing a chaotic pattern of dynamic Hazmat routing problem

The present paper proposes an iterative procedure based on chaos theory on dynamic risk definition to determine the best route for transporting hazardous materials (Hazmat). In the case of possible natural disasters, the safety of roads may be seriously affected. So the main objective of this paper is to simultaneously improve the travel time and risk to satisfy the local and national authorities in the transportation network. Based on the proposed procedure, four important risk components including accident information, population, environment, and infrastructure aspects have been presented under linguistic variables. Furthermore, the extent analysis method was utilized to convert them to crisp values. To apply the proposed procedure, a road network that consists of fifty nine nodes and eighty two-way edges with a pre-specified affected area has been considered. The results indicate that applying the dynamic risk is more appropriate than having a constant risk. The application of the proposed model indicates that, while chaotic variables depend on the initial conditions, the most frequent path will remain independent. The points that would help authorities to come to the better decision when they are dealing with Hazmat transportation route selection.     

汽车防落水电动车窗装置的设计与实现

本文针对汽车的电动车窗控制电路进行了优化设计,旨在解决该控制电路在一旦汽车落水的情况下普遍突然失灵的尴尬。其优化设计思路是寻求绕开损坏的电动车窗元器件,另外启动一条抗震且密封性良好的回路,由电瓶直接驱动电动车窗升降器电机,一键降落电动车窗玻璃。新的回路由多个传感器、ECU、备用充电电源以及紧急按钮开关等组成,具有良好的抗震性和密封性。本设计在几家汽车改装店对多款中低端汽车进行了测试安装,并将汽车的电动车窗从不同高度投入水中进行实验调试,试验效果良好。     

A double standard model for allocating limited emergency medical service vehicle resources ensuring service reliability

This paper introduces a new double standard model (DSM), along with a genetic algorithm (GA), for solving the emergency medical service (EMS) vehicle allocation problem that ensures acceptable service reliability with limited vehicle resources. Without loss of generality, the model is formulated to address emergency services to human injuries caused by vehicle crashes at intersections within an urban street network. The EMS fleet consists of basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS) vehicles suited for treating crashes with different severity levels within primary and secondary service coverage standards corresponding to extended response times. The model ensures that all demand sites are covered by at least one EMS vehicle within the secondary standard and a portion of which also meets the service reliability requirement. In addition, a portion of demand sites can be covered by at least one of each type of EMS vehicles within the primary standard. Meanwhile, it aims to achieve maximized coverage of demand sites within the primary standard that complies with the required service reliability. A computational experiment is conducted using 2004–2010 data on top two hundred high crash intersections in the city of Chicago as demand sites for model application. With an EMS fleet size of 15 BLS and 60 ALS ambulances maintained by the Chicago Fire Department, at best 92.4–95.5% of demand could be covered within the secondary standard at 90% of service reliability; and 65.5–68.4% of high severity demand and 50.2–54.5 low severity demand could be covered within the primary standard at 90% of service reliability. The model can help optimize EMS vehicle allocation in urban areas.     

地铁车站设计中的客流参数研究

在地铁车站设计中,客流是众多车站部位规模和能力核算的重要参数。本文从地铁运营管理和功能疏散的角度,深化研究,提出超高峰客流量、最高聚集人数、紧急疏散人数三个参数指标．为地铁车站设计提供重要科学依据。     

跨铁路桥T梁架设方案简析

对跨铁路T梁的安装施工工艺及组织调度进行了简要分析,并对施工安全、防护及应急预案方面进行了阐述,希望对同类工程的施工提供参考。     

美国公路路面施工与养护技术

介绍了美国公路绿色交通、安全保障与应急处理系统及监控收费系统,为国内交通建设提供参考。     

从一起事故谈TCA66增压器的应急润滑

分析一起故障原因,介绍MAN B & W TCA66增压器应急油柜工作原理和改进,提出管理建议.     

浅析高速公路突发公共事件应急保障体系建设

文章针对当前高速公路突发应急公共事件应急保障体系的现状,分析高速公路突发公共应急事件产生的原因,结合高速公路突发公共应急事件的特点,提出建设高速公路应急管理体系的原则和构想。