Valuation of environmental externalities: from theory to decision‐making

Valuation of externalities is a condition for correct investment and pricing decisions in transport. This paper provides a brief survey of the main studies achieved in OECD countries in order to get these valuations. Numerical values for the average social cost of transport are presented. The procedures according to which environment is taken into account in France and Italy are analyzed, and the importance of valuation in these procedures is assessed. Finally, prospects for further research and new developments are expressed.     

环境变量对SC03空调试验油耗影响的研究

针对两辆满足欧Ⅳ排放法规的汽油车,按照美国EPA 40 CFR PART 86法规进行了SC03空调试验,建立了SC03空调试验流程和操作指南,探讨了空调试验中温度、湿度、光照强度等环境变量及浸车时间对试验油耗结果的影响。基于田口法及环境变量的常用变化范围进行试验设计,通过统计学方法对试验结果进行假设检验,确定了对试验油耗影响较大的环境变量为温度和湿度,且两者之间相互独立,并通过实车试验对检验结果进行了验证。     

沈阳浑南大道景观设计

沈阳浑南大道作为沈阳市规划的重点工程项目,旨在将其打造成为具有系统性、整体性、生态性、文化性的景观廊道.充分考虑到了城市道路环境景观的特点,针对不同部位的特征,运用不同的设计理念及指导思想,提出相应的设计方法及方案,将其建设成为城市道路的精品工程.     

面向可重构虚拟制造环境的数控加工仿真

数控加工仿真对于零件实际加工过程具有一定的指导意义。在分析了产品制造系统、虚拟制造环境、数控加工仿真过程的基础上,提出了一种基于可重构虚拟制造环境的数控加工仿真方法;通过对虚拟制造环境的分析,研究了虚拟制造环境的层次结构,并将其抽象划分为四个层次;重点阐明了零部件模型、虚拟加工机床模型的可重构设计,从而实现了整个虚拟制造环境的可重构,并在此基础上建立了可重构的虚拟制造环境。最后,以船用柴油机机身零件的数控加工过程仿真为例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

高速铁路发展对环境的影响分析

加快建设资源节约型,环境友好型社会迫在眉睫,其中构建有利于环境保护的交通运输体系是其关键之一.而发展高速铁路运输是构建可持续发展交通体系的核心.相对其他运输方式,铁路运输能源消耗低,污染排放少,综合性价比高,适合我国能源利用的要求,符合节能环保的要求.近几年,我国开展高速铁路建设,高速铁路相对普通铁路能源利用率更高,性价比更高,对环境的影响更小。     

寒区运营隧道冻害防治监测系统及应用

引起寒区冻害的因素十分复杂,隧道冻害预防与整治是一项复杂而艰巨的工作。以运营的准池铁路杀虎口隧道为工程依托,设计合理的冻害防治监测系统,通过对监测结果的分析,预测冻害的重点防治范围。研究结果表明:距洞口500 m范围内围岩有冻结可能,围岩最大冻结深度1.55 m,排水量较大区段位于下坡端进口段1 300 m范围内,因此冻害重点防治区段为进口端500 m范围内的软岩区段,预测冻害类型以衬砌渗漏水、衬砌开裂为主。     

Co-alignment between Environment Risk, Capital Structure,Growth and High-tech Firm Performance

To examine whether there is a co-alignment relationship between environment risk, capital structure, growth and high-tech firm performance, the environment risk was measured from the viewpoint of environment change, the long-term debt ratio was adopted as the measure of the capital structure, and the total asset growth and sales growth were chosen to measure the growth of high-tech firms. Regression analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between environment risk, growth and performance of high-tech firms measured by the return on equity and cash flow, respectively.     

创造幽美的育人环境探索教学楼建筑的新模式

环境与人的关系是双向的，培养人的学校更是这样。作者以一个学校的校舍规划设计为例，说明作者对这一问题的理解，并依此做为设计的构思，使这个学校达到人创造环境，环境创造人这一目的。     

Environmental repercussions of parking demand management strategies using a constrained logit model

In order to select the correct mobility strategy, individuals’ choice behavior must be studied, and their reactions in response to strategies must be predicted. Upon exploring aspects subject to constraints, our results included walking distance, parking rates, search time and parking availability. We have identified scenarios in which simulation outputs of environmental parking mobility strategies differ significantly when using the Constrained Multi-Nominal Logit (CMNL) when compared with the widely used Multi-Nominal Logit (MNL). With the CMNL model growing in popularity, it is worth considering environmental mobility strategy repercussions in this context with the incorporation of relevant constraints.     

我国车用柴油机超细颗粒物排放研究进展综述

随着人们对环境问题和健康问题的日益重视,超细颗粒物给环境和健康所带来的危害引起了各界研究者的注意。文章对我国车用柴油机超细颗粒物排放研究进展进行了综述,简述了超细颗粒物带来的危害,介绍了目前国内对超细颗粒物的研究课题与内容,提出了未来超细颗粒物研究的方向和意义。结果表明我国对超细颗粒物的研究还处于初级阶段,此项研究内容丰富并且有深刻的指导意义。