基于熵权TOPSIS法的绿色交通发展分析——以舟山为例

绿色交通是一种低污染且有利于城市环境多元化的城市交通运输系统。这可以解决我国因私人汽车增加等原因所带来的交通拥堵、汽车排放尾气增加、资源短缺、城市能耗严重、生态环境破坏和空气污染等问题。且该运输系统该运输系统在解决以上问题的同时,可以降低建设维护成本和促进社会公平。目前,我国绿色交通发展在持续进步,本文以舟山为例,从基础指标、交通工具和道路建设三个方面选取数据,并将熵权法和TOPSIS法结合对2016年至2018年舟山绿色交通的发展状况进行分析,结果表明,舟山2017年绿色交通发展状况最优,其次是2018年。     

Carbon dioxide emissions from port container distribution: Spatial characteristics and driving factors

Port carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in China have become an ever-increasing public concern due to their significant impacts on human health and the environment. However, existing studies focus mainly on CO₂ emissions from vessels calling at the ports and cargo handling within the ports, paying little attention to the inland distribution networks. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an easily implemented method for calculating CO₂ emissions from port container distribution (PCD) and investigates their spatial characteristics and driving factors. By analyzing 30 container ports in China, the main findings are as follows. First, road transportation is the major contributor of CO₂ emissions from PCD due to the lack of rail and inland water transportation. Second, PCD carbon emissions exhibit significant local spatial clustering. That is, ports with similar geographical locations tend to present a similar pattern of PCD carbon emissions. Third, as suggested by the spatial Durbin model, PCD carbon emissions are negatively determined by local gross domestic product, number of port berths, but are positively determined by local tertiary industry value and highway freight volume, and waterway freight volume in both local and neighboring ports. These results provide empirical insights into cross-port collaboration in reducing PCD carbon emissions.     

序线性空间中集值优化问题弱有效解的最优性条件

在序线性空间中,引入(u,02;Y+)—广义次似凸集值映射,建立了此映射下的一个择一定理.利用此定理,在序线性空间中获得了带广义不等式约束的集值优化问题弱有效解的最优性必要条件和充分条件.     

序线性空间中集值优化问题弱有效解的最优性条件

在序线性空间中,引入(u,02;Y )—广义次似凸集值映射,建立了此映射下的一个择一定理.利用此定理,在序线性空间中获得了带广义不等式约束的集值优化问题弱有效解的最优性必要条件和充分条件.     

基于组合方法计算权重的绿色铁路客站综合评估

随着我国铁路事业的快速发展,大批的铁路项目在不断建设、改造以及投入运营。在建设绿色铁路客站,推广绿色铁路建筑,避免城市建设造成更多的能源和环境问题,是当前我国城镇化建设必须解决的重大课题。因此,绿色铁路客站的综合评价是非常有必要的。首先建立绿色铁路客站综合评估指标体系;然后采用组合方法计算各评价指标体系的权重;再依据《绿色铁路客站评价标准》的评分准则进行指标打分;最后结合具体实例,计算得出某H铁路客站的综合评价等级。该组合方法的创新之处在于融合专家权重和指标权重为一体,既体现专家自身偏好,同时又克服过于主观的缺点,得出科学、合理的权重,使绿色铁路客站综合评价结果更准确,更具有参考性。     

The limits of partial life cycle assessment studies in road construction practices: A case study on the use of hydrated lime in Hot Mix Asphalt

Extensive published literature shows that hydrated lime improves Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) durability. Its impact on the environmental impact of HMA has not been investigated. This paper presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the use of HMA without hydrated lime (classical HMA) and with hydrated lime (modified HMA) for the lifetime of a highway. System boundaries cover the life cycle from cradle-to-grave, meaning extraction of raw materials to end of life of the road. The main assumptions were: 1. Lifetime of the road 50 years; 2. Classical HMA with a life span of 10 years, maintenance operations every 10 years; 3. Modified HMA with an increase in the life span by 25%, maintenance operations every 12.5 years. For the lifetime of the road, modified HMA has the lowest environmental footprint compared to classical HMA with the following benefits: 43% less primary total energy consumption resulting in 23% lower emissions of greenhouse gases. Partial LCAs focusing only on the construction and/or maintenance phase should be used with caution since they could lead to wrong decisions if the durability and the maintenance scenarios differ. Sustainable construction technologies should not only consider environmental impact as quantified by LCA, but also economic and social impacts as well. Avoiding maintenance steps means less road works, fewer traffic jams and hence less CO₂ emissions.     

Greening ports and maritime logistics: A review

This paper aims to examine the past and present research on ‘green ports and maritime logistics’ in order to identify established research streams and fertile research areas with potential for future investigations. Using rigorous bibliometric and network analysis tools, the paper completes a systemic mapping of the existing literature and identifies the key investigators, collaboration patterns, research clusters and interrelationships, and the “seminal research areas” that have provided the field with the foundational knowledge, concepts, theories, tools, and techniques. Major articles within each seminal research area are also identified. This will allow new researchers to quickly build understanding in a particular sub-field by reading these major articles. The findings obtained from the evolution of seminal research areas over time are important from both research and practice perspectives and can help the field grow in many dimensions.     

Airline ambidextrous competition under an emissions trading scheme – A reference-dependent behavioral perspective

This study presents a reference-dependent Hotelling model for analyzing airline competition in pricing and green transportation investment, as well as the resulting financial performance under the European Union emission trading scheme. One feature of the proposed methodology is that it embeds psychological benefits/costs of consumers to characterize consumer attitudes to the increases in airline fare adjustments and improvements in green transportation. This study then investigates the equilibrium solutions for airfare adjustment and green transportation investment margins in different scenarios. The analytical results reveal specific operational conditions under which a cost-efficient airline can gain supreme competitive advantage by increasing both airfare and green transportation investment margins beyond the increases made by competitors under the emission trading scheme, whereas certain specific conditions may favor a cost leadership strategy. Conversely, a cost-inefficient airline can compete with a cost-efficient airline in both market share and profitability using the green transportation investment-differentiation strategy, particularly when consumers perceive the airfare difference as equaling the increased psychological benefit induced by the airline’s green effort.     

Factors influencing the purchasing decisions of low emission cars: A study of Slovenia

This paper presents a study of customer preferences and opinions about alternative fuel vehicles. Nowadays the studies of green technologies, especially in the area of green transport, are interesting for policy makers, vehicle producers, customers and energy suppliers. Many stakeholders from public and private sector are investing a lot of effort to identify consumer behaviour for future improvements in development of their green products and strategies. This study is a modification of previously conducted research on customer behaviour on the same topic in Scotland. The survey includes almost 700 participants to identify the most important parameters of consumer behaviour related to purchase of alternative fuel vehicle. Therefore the questionnaire includes different factors, combining financial and technical aspects, environmental performance and vehicle design. Results have revealed that the most relevant factor for purchasing low emission vehicle is total vehicle price, and that the segment of potential alternative fuel vehicles buyers is much larger than we initially anticipated. Such vehicles are, surprisingly, also more attractive for the older population, according to our results.     

绿色汽车造型设计的实现——模块化

当前绿色的浪潮席卷全球，汽车设计将成为绿色设计的重点攻坚方向。设计师在这里充当着设计与生产的调和者，借助模块化的手段来实现汽车造型的绿色化，既满足绿色设计节约能源的设计初衷，又可以最大程度的减少商家的制造成本。在两者互为作用的情况下提供了平衡的桥梁。