公路工程造价投资控制现状与对策

分析了现阶段公路工程建设造价投资控制现状及存在的问题,结合国外先进投资理念,针对决策阶段、建设阶段、运营阶段造价控制提出对策。根据国家交通运输＂十二五＂发展规划,提出了全寿命成本理念及交通建设节约资源、有效利用土地资源的新理念。     

基于生命周期理论的我国收费公路发展分析

收费公路类似自然生命,其成长和发展必然为一个具有若干阶段的连续过程。基于生命周期理论,对我国收费公路体系生命周期进行了探讨和分析。结果表明,2000年以后,我国收费公路进入成熟期;在2030年达到峰值后,收费公路在总量上开始缩减,进入衰退期,新的发展趋势也将逐渐体现。     

浅探港口企业成本精细化管理

为降低港口企业成本,提高效益,对港口企业实施成本精细化管理.从树立成本精细化管理理念、建立成本控制工作机制、强化管理、坚持创新等4个方面阐述具体做法.     

Marine Protected Area Costs as “Beneficial” Fisheries Subsidies: A Global Evaluation

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are now generally accepted as important tools in the protection of coastal biodiversity. It is also likely that they play a positive role in enhancing fisheries. Yet currently, less than 1% of the global oceans are protected, although international agreements have targets ranging from 10–30% coverage. Despite its minuscule size, we consider the current MPA “network” to be beneficial to fisheries, and its running or maintenance cost, therefore, to be a positive contribution to the sustainability of fisheries, or a “beneficial” subsidy (“harmful” subsidies enhance fishing capacity and effort). A method was derived from data in Balmford et al. (PNAS, 101: 9694–9697) to estimate the annual cost of maintaining MPAs as a function of their size, and of the degree of development of the country in question. We provide national costs of the 53 countries that jointly contribute 95% of global fisheries catch and, assuming that this type of subsidy, in a given country, cannot exceed 15% of the ex-vessel value of its fisheries catches, estimated a global MPA subsidy to fisheries of 870 million US$. Given that total subsidies to fisheries currently range from 30–34 billion US$ annually (without MPA costs), this amounts to only 2.5–2.8% of total subsidies to fisheries being devoted explicitly to the maintenance of the biodiversity that sustains them.     

A time‐staged multi‐objective network‐design model

A multi‐objective, time‐staged network‐design problem is formulated. Through transformation, the problem is decomposed into a set of single‐period, single‐objective problems. Lexicographic ordering is instrumental in effecting this transformation; it also allows a backward‐recursion algorithm to be applied using strong pruning criteria. Furthermore, monotonicity properties enable us to solve the problem using the familiar tree‐search algorithms. The solution method has several desirable properties — as shown by an example and a case study of Tripoli Province, Libya. First, the algorithm ensures continuity of project implementation over the multi time‐periods and provides optimality in later computational stages irrespective of the decision at an interim stage. Second, the algorithm tends to provide accessibility to unconnected regions in the study area at low user‐cost without employing weights to the two objective functions of accessibility and user‐cost efficiency. Such a property is deemed advantageous for suggesting transportation investments based purely on purchasing the greatest benefit for each dollar, with political neutrality strictly maintained.     

我国汽车产业循环经济模式的研究

在借鉴和总结国内外汽车产业在生态设计、减量化制造、废旧汽车回收再利用等方面的先进经验基础上,提出了汽车产业实施循环经济的"4R"原则,按产品生命周期的不同阶段分别探讨了实施循环经济的有效途径,并结合我国的实际特点,提出了相关的政策建议。     

试论全寿命分析法在路面设计中的应用

全寿命设计方法是一项较新的设计理念,将其用于路面设计目前为止还不多。讨论了美国相关法案(Pave- ment Division Interim Technical Bulletin)中的路面全寿命分析(LCCA)方法,并基于该思路提出了路面全寿命设计方法,试图建立全寿命路面设计的初步体系。     

公路养护管理系统在公路养护工程造价管理体系中的定位研究

针对公路养护管理系统和养护工程造价管理系统在养护工程费用分析和经济分析等方面可能存在功能重合的问题,分析了网级养护管理系统和项目级养护管理系统的造价管理功能特点,并利用灰色关联度分析法进行了项目级养护管理系统与可行性研究之间的比较,从而明确了公路养护管理系统在公路养护工程造价管理体系中的功能定位。结果表明:项目级养护管理系统在大修工程、专项工程或改建工程时相当于项目建议书或初步可行性研究,具有初步估算和经济评价的功能,与它们的工程可行性研究功能不重合,而在中小修时则相当于概算的功能;网级公路养护管理系统则具备养护规划阶段的养护工程造价管理功能。     

浅谈基础设施项目工程造价全过程管理

分析了基础设施项目建设管理过程中存在的问题,阐明了对基础设施建设造价进行全过程管理的意义。运用工程项目造价全过程管理理论,即全生命周期造价管理理论,对基础设施项目建设造价进行全过程管理,并且详细分析了从项目的前期决策阶段到项目的实施阶段进行造价管理的方法。     

沪青平高速公路真空预压处理的工程造价分析

该文简要介绍了上海沪青平高速公路中段工程真空预压处理应用情况,分析了真空预压工艺各项费用构成及影响因素,总结了沪青平中段工程各桥头真空预压处理费用,提出了不同地质条件下真空预压处理的典型经济指标。