青岛市轨道交通一期工程功能定位及客流预测

城市轨道交通建设中,客流预测是先导。在分析青岛市轨道交通一期工程功能定位的基础上,结合轨道一期工程沿线土地利用现状和规划,以及常规公交布局,对轨道交通一期工程客流进行预测分析。提出一期工程客流总量规模、站点乘降量和换乘量等客流指标。     

Study on the Organization Model of Wagon Flows in Railway Terminal

Railway terminal is an important part of railway network. Transport organization of railway terminal is the key of the railway transport organization. Moreover, the organization of transport work is based on the organization of wagon flows in the railway terminal. Because of the great amounts of equipment and a large number of train operations, the study on railway terminal transport organization is mostly focused on a marshalling station in railway terminal or a part of it. Systematic study taking railway terminal as a whole is very few. In this paper, the organization of wagon flows in a railway terminal is analyzed and a wagon flow model in a railway terminal is established. The main principles of organization of local trains are also presented.     

Link16数据链网络同步的改进算法

现有的Link16数据链网络同步算法选取一个终端作为时间基准（NTR）,其他非NTR终端通过收发往返计时报文（RTT）来获取系统时间并保持同步。这种方式的抗毁性较差,例如对NTR终端同步的干扰就可以使得整个Link16数据链网络瘫痪。针对这一弊端,本文提出了一种使用每个Link16数据链终端互相校准的互同步算法,该算法提高了Link16数据链网络的抗干扰性,并且在数学上证明了算法有很好的收敛性。     

Real-time network-wide traffic signal optimization considering long-term green ratios based on expected route flows

We propose a novel real-time network-wide traffic signal control scheme which is (1) applicable under modern data technologies, (2) flexible in response to variations of traffic flows due to its non-cyclic feature, (3) operable on a network-wide and real-time basis, and (4) capable of considering expected route flows in the form of long-term green time ratios for intersection movement. The proposed system has a two-level hierarchical architecture: (1) strategy level and (2) control level. Considering the optimal states for a long-term period found in the strategy level, the optimal signal timings for a short-term period are calculated in the control level which consists of two steps: (1) queue weight update and (2) signal optimization. Based on the ratio of the cumulative green time to the desired green time is the first step to update the queue weights, which are then used in the optimization to find signal timings for minimum total delay. A parametric queue weight function is developed, discussed and evaluated. Two numerical experiments were given. The first demonstrated that the proposed system performs effectively, and the second shows its capability in a real-world network.     

Evacuation traffic dynamics

Historically, evacuation models have relied on values of road capacity that are estimated based on Highway Capacity Manual methods or those observed during routine non-emergency conditions. The critical assumption in these models is that capacity values and traffic dynamics do not differ between emergency and non-emergency conditions. This study utilized data collected during Hurricanes Ivan (2004), Katrina (2005) and Gustav (2008) to compare traffic characteristics during mass evacuations with those observed during routine non-emergency operations. From these comparisons it was found that there exists a consistent and fundamental difference between traffic dynamics under evacuation conditions and those under routine non-emergency periods. Based on the analysis, two quantities are introduced: “maximum evacuation flow rates” (MEFR) and “maximum sustainable evacuation flow rates” (MSEFR). Based on observation, the flow rates during evacuations were found to reach a maximum value of MEFR followed by a drop in flow rate to a MSEFR that was able to be sustained over several hours, or until demand dropped below that necessary to completely saturate the section. It is suggested that MEFR represents the true measure of the “capacity”. These findings are important to a number of key policy-shaping factors that are critical to evacuation planning. Most important among these is the strong suggestion of policy changes that would shift away from the use of traditional capacity estimation techniques and toward values based on direct observation of traffic under evacuation conditions.     

客运专线枢纽车站信号机构设置方案探讨

随着我国客运专线枢纽车站的建设,为满足跨线列车在枢纽车站的行车需要,地面信号机机构的设置越来越复杂。从不同角度提出了信号机机构的设置方案,并对不同设置方案进行了比较分析。     

方形弯管内部流动与阻力系数的数值计算

弯管是化工流程系统中的重要管件,其水力损失对整个管道设计有重要影响。用FLUENT软件对弯管不同截面上速度的计算值与实验值进行对比,对弯管内部主流速度分布进行对比对不同雷诺数条件阻力系数进行计算,结果表明数值计算结果与实验值有一定的一致性。弯头进口管道的长度对流动形态有重要影响,沿程阻力系数和局部阻力系数都与雷诺数有关,并随着雷诺数的减小而增加。     

Visco‐elastic traffic flow model

To increase our understanding of the operations of traffic system, a visco‐elastic traffic model was proposed in analogy of non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics. The traffic model is based on mass and momentum conservations, and includes a constitutive relation similar to that of linear visco‐elastic fluids. The further inclusion of the elastic effect allows us to describe a high‐order traffic model more comprehensively because the use of relaxation time indicates that vehicle drivers adjust their time headway in a reasonable and safe range. The self‐organizing behaviour is described by introducing the effects of pressure and visco‐elasticity from the point of view in fluid mechanics. Both the viscosity and elasticity can be determined by using the relaxation time and the traffic sound speed. The sound speed can be approximately represented by the road operational parameters including the free‐flow speed, the jam density, and the density of saturation if the jam pressure in traffic flows is identical to the total pressure at the flow saturation point. A linear stability analysis showed that the traffic flow should be absolutely unstable for disturbances with short spatial wavelengths. There are two critical points of regime transition in traffic flows. The first point happens at the density of saturation, and the second point occurs at a density relating on the sound speed and the fundamental diagram of traffic flows. By using a triangular form flow–density relation, a numerical test based on the new model is carried out for congested traffic flows on a loop road without ramp effect. The numerical results are discussed and compared with the result of theoretical analysis and observation data of traffic flows. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Discrete dynamic models for freeway incident detection systems

This paper considers the problem of freeway incident detection within the general framework of computer‐based freeway surveillance and control. A new approach to the detection of freeway traffic incidents is presented based on a discrete‐time stochastic model of the form ARIMA (0, 1, 3) that describes the dynamics of traffic occupancy observations. This approach utilizes real‐time estimates of the variability in traffic occupancies as detection thresholds, thus eliminating the need for threshold calibration and lessening the problem of false‐alarms. Because the moving average parameters of the ARIMA (0, 1, 3) model change over time, these parameters can be updated occasionally. The performance of the developed detection algorithm has been evaluated in terms of detection rate, false‐alarm rate, and average time‐lag to detection, using a total of 1692 minutes of occupancy observations recorded during 50 representative traffic incidents.