Economic Outcomes for Harvesters under the West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program: Have Goals and Objectives Been Met?

Abstract

The West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program was designed to achieve multiple economic goals and objectives, including increasing net benefits, profitability, flexibility, and utilization of harvest allocations. In this article, we leverage seven years of comprehensive cost and earnings data to evaluate progress towards these goals with a focus on harvesters. Our assessment shows that five years post-implementation, net benefits to the nation have doubled, and indicators of productivity and profitability have increased. The fleet that targets Pacific whiting has seen the largest gains, due in part to increases in total allowable catch and the elimination of the race-to-fish. However, increased revenues have not been realized to the degree that was expected for harvesters targeting non-whiting groundfish, partly due to lower than predicted consolidation and relatively low quota utilization. Economic outcomes indicate that tradeoffs exist between certain objectives of the program, specifically between achieving full utilization and flexibility for harvesters. Results are discussed in the context of the design and evaluation of catch share programs for diverse, multispecies fisheries.     

船舶厨房通风空调系统的配置分析

介绍了船用厨房的设计规范,设计标准和相应的解决方法。并对厨房系统进行了分类,通过不同类型的厨房分析,采用合适的空调和通风系统。并从送/排风的方式和风量要求进行了介绍。最后从工程实际的角度上对常用的设计参数如温度,噪音,静压等参数做出了说明。     

中低雷诺数流动直接数值模拟的算法比较

文章采用不同的算法对中低雷诺数方腔驱动流动进行了直接数值模拟,所用算法分别是人工压缩方法、SIMPLE算法以及PISO算法.三种算法均采用有限体积法基于交错网格技术离散N-S方程,时间项采用全隐格式离散,对流项采用QUICK格式离散,并将它们得到结果与Ghia发表的基准解进行了比对.文中分析了在同样的收敛条件下,不同算法之间的稳定性,收敛速率以及准确性的差异,发现PISO算法在较低雷诺数Re=400和Re=1000情况下最准确,而人工压缩算法在雷诺数为5000时最准确,在所有计算的不同Re数条件下,发现人工压缩法达到收敛所需时间都是最少的,这可以使它成为中低雷诺数下研究直接数值模拟最好的算法之一.     

Experimental investigation of evaporation rate and exhaust emissions of diesel engine fuelled with cotton seed methyl ester and its blend with petro-diesel

An experimental study to measure the evaporation rates, engine performance and emission characteristics of cotton seed biodiesel (cotton seed oil methyl ester) and its blends in different volumetric proportions with diesel is presented. The thermo-physical properties of all the fuel blends have been measured and presented. Evaporation rates of neat cotton seed biodiesel, neat diesel and their bends have been measured under slow convective environment of air flowing with a constant temperature. Evaporation constants have been determined by using the droplet regression rate data. The neat fuels and fuel blends have been utilized in a test engine with different load conditions to evaluate the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of the fuels. The specific fuel consumption values of the two blends, viz. B25 and B75 are found to be same. At the highest load, B0 records the lowest CO volume followed by B100. From the observed evaporation, performance and emissions characteristics, it is suggested that a blend of B50 and B75 can be optimally used in standard diesel engine settings.     

桥梁模板施工技术应用性研究

桥梁模板是桥梁施工中的重要工具。通过搜集国内外桥梁模板资料,研究总结并提出解决模板工程在桥梁施工中存在各种问题的办法,将对提高工程质量、加快施工速度、提高劳动生产率、降低工程成本和实现桥梁工程的文明施工起到一定的推动作用。     

多芯管套料工艺改进

为解决船用多芯管套料存在的材料利用率低、现场剩余材料浪费突出的问题,对多芯管的建模流程、采购流程和套料流程进行管控,形成新的更加合理有效的多芯管套料工艺,采用新工艺可达到最大限度提升多芯管套料合理性,提高材料利用率,减轻设计人员工作负荷,降低采购成本的目的。     

硅胶吸附管采集甲醇汽车尾气排放中甲醇的方法研究

文章主要研究了利用硅胶吸附管采集甲醇汽车尾气排放中甲醇的方法,对硅胶吸附管的规格、待测样品的浓度、采样参数等进行了详细的讨论及验证。研究表明,利用硅胶吸附管采集甲醇的过程中,很容易发生甲醇的穿透。随着硅胶颗粒装填数目的增加,甲醇的穿透率降低,实际吸附甲醇的效率增加。在采样流量相同时,待测样品浓度越高,甲醇的穿透率越高。在待测样品浓度相同时,采集流量越高,甲醇的穿透率越高。将硅胶吸附管串联,可以有效减少甲醇的穿透,提高吸附效率。     

基于岩体指标和掘进参数的TBM净掘进速率预测模型

净掘进速率是TBM施工速度的主要评价指标,与围岩物理力学性质、TBM掘进参数之间存在一定相关性。文章以兰州水源地建设工程输水隧洞双护盾TBM施工为背景,基于现场实测数据,选择岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形模量、泊松比、岩石耐磨性CAI值等岩体指标,以及刀盘推力和刀盘转速等掘进参数,进行TBM净掘进速率与有关影响参数之间的单因素相关性分析,得到相应拟合公式;基于TBM净掘进速率与岩体指标、掘进参数之间的相关性,利用多元非线性回归方法建立了TBM净掘进速率预测模型。通过将兰州水源地建设工程输水隧洞实测TBM净掘进速率和预测结果进行对比,验证了TBM净掘进速率预测模型的合理性。研究结果表明:(1)在复杂的多种地质条件下,TBM净掘进速率与岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形模量、岩石耐磨性CAI值、刀盘推力以及刀盘转速呈负相关关系,与泊松比呈正相关关系;(2)干湿状态对岩石耐磨性CAI值有一定影响,饱和状态下岩石耐磨性CAI值与TBM净掘进速率之间的相关性更显著;(3)建立的多元非线性回归预测模型,预测精度较高,可为相似地质条件下TBM净掘进速率估算提供参考。     

提高TSP探测精度的途径

TSP作为目前最先进的隧道地质超前预报探测仪器，得到了广泛的应用。但是由于在现实中存在各种问题，从而导致该仪器的预测精度受到了极大限制，主要阐述如何提高其预测精度，更好地为隧道的建设服务。     

基于AIGA-WLSSVM的埋地管道腐蚀速率预测方法

为了降低埋地管道腐蚀影响因素之间的复杂相关性,提高腐蚀预测精度,文中提出一种基于自适应免疫遗传算法-加权最小二乘支持向量机(AIGA-WLSSVM)的埋地管道腐蚀速率预测建模方法,并采用AIGA优化模型参数,进一步提高模型的学习能力和稳定性。最后通过实例分析验证了AIGA-WLSSVM建模方法在埋地管道腐蚀速率预测中的可行性和有效性,为埋地管道的检修与更换提供参考。