钢管混凝土配合比正交试验研究

正交试验设计理论应用到高性能钢管混凝土配合比设计中,仅需少量试验即可完成对诸多配合比影响因素不同位级的考察研究。以高安筠州大桥钢管混凝土配合比设计为例开展试验研究工作,利用正交试验方法分析研究了各外掺剂对钢管混凝土的流动性和强度性能的影响规律及其影响的显著性,得到了符合设计和施工要求的配合比设计方案。将数理统计原理应用于高性能钢管混凝土试验研究中,对材料研究及工程实践都有着重要的指导意义,研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。     

基于VISA技术的高速USB数据采集系统

高速USB数据采集系统的设计严格遵循USB2.0协议,实现了主机和测试设备之间简单、快速、可靠的连接和通信.该文介绍了这种数据采集系统的硬件组成、驱动程序和固件程序的设计以及采用虚拟仪器软件LabWindows/CVI在VISA技术上开发应用程序的设计方法.     

信号控制交叉口绿灯间隔时间计算的研究

针对信号控制交叉口由于绿灯间隔时间设置不当而可能导致的困境区域问题,结合路口限速、交叉口几何条件等客观因素,提出分析模型和最小绿灯间隔时间的计算公式,同时针对几种可能出现的情况,提出相关的建议,以达到消除困境区域的目的。     

Development of driving cycles for electric vehicles in the context of the city of Florence

Strong efforts are spent in automotive engineering for the creation of so called Driving Cycles (DCs). Vehicle DC development has been a topic under research over the last thirty years, since it is a key activity both from an authority and from an industrial research point of view. Considering the innovative characteristics of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their diffusion on certain contexts (e.g. city centers), the demand for tailored cycles arises. A proposal for driving data analysis and synthesis has been developed through the review and the selection of known literature experiences, having as a goal the application on a EVs focused case study. The measurement campaign has been conducted in the city of Florence, which includes limited traffic areas accessible to EVs. A fleet of EVs has been monitored through a non-invasive data logging system. After data acquisition, time-speed data series have been processed for filtering and grouping. The main product of the activity is a set of DCs obtained by pseudo-randomized selection of original data. The similarity of synthetic DCs to acquired data has been verified through the validation of cycle parameters. Finally, the new DCs and a selection of existing ones are compared on the basis of relevant kinematic parameters and expected energy consumption. The method followed for the creation of DCs has been implemented in a software package. It can be used to generate cycles and, under certain boundary conditions, to get a filtered access to the measured data and provide integration within simulation environment.     

Online calibration for microscopic traffic simulation and dynamic multi-step prediction of traffic speed

Simulating driving behavior in high accuracy allows short-term prediction of traffic parameters, such as speeds and travel times, which are basic components of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). Models with static parameters are often unable to respond to varying traffic conditions and simulate effectively the corresponding driving behavior. It has therefore been widely accepted that the model parameters vary in multiple dimensions, including across individual drivers, but also spatially across the network and temporally. While typically on-line, predictive models are macroscopic or mesoscopic, due to computational and data considerations, nowadays microscopic models are becoming increasingly practical for dynamic applications. In this research, we develop a methodology for online calibration of microscopic traffic simulation models for dynamic multi-step prediction of traffic measures, and apply it to car-following models, one of the key models in microscopic traffic simulation models. The methodology is illustrated using real trajectory data available from an experiment conducted in Naples, using a well-established car-following model. The performance of the application with the dynamic model parameters consistently outperforms the corresponding static calibrated model in all cases, and leads to less than 10% error in speed prediction even for ten steps into the future, in all considered data-sets.     

船舶中央冷却水系统变频水泵流量特性

针对船舶中央冷却水系统变频水泵切换效率低、能耗大及流量波动变化等问题,深入研究2350TEU集装箱船在各种负荷变化和海水环境温度变化时的变频泵调速流量特性,分析变频水泵在单泵、双泵2种状态切换时的流量特性、效率特性和功率特性,计算水泵变频切换时的最佳转速与流量。结果表明:实现单双泵无扰动切换,可减少切换时流量产生波动对止回阀的冲击,提高变频泵的工作效率,降低系统能耗,为船舶中央冷却水节能控制系统设计提供理论支持。     

Eco-driving advisory strategies for a platoon of mixed gasoline and electric vehicles in a connected vehicle system

As electric vehicles (EVs) have gained an increasing market penetration rate, the traffic on urban roads will tend to be a mix of traditional gasoline vehicles (GVs) and EVs. These two types of vehicles have different energy consumption characteristics, especially the high energy efficiency and energy recuperation system of EVs. When GVs and EVs form a platoon that is recognized as an energy-friendly traffic pattern, it is critical to holistically consider the energy consumption characteristics of all vehicles to maximize the energy efficiency benefit of platooning. To tackle this issue, this paper develops an optimal control model as a foundation to provide eco-driving suggestions to the mixed-traffic platoon. The proposed model leverages the promising connected vehicle technology assuming that the speed advisory system can obtain the information on the characteristics of all platoon vehicles. To enhance the model applicability, the study proposes two eco-driving advisory strategies based on the developed optimal control model. One strategy provides the lead vehicle an acceleration profile, while the other provides a set of targeted cruising speeds. The acceleration-based eco-driving advisory strategy is suitable for platoons with an automated leader, and the speed-based advisory strategy is more friendly for platoons with a human-operated leader. Results of numerical experiments demonstrate the significance when the eco-driving advisory system holistically considers energy consumption characteristics of platoon vehicles.     

一种特殊工况下动车组滑行问题分析和对策研究

通过对运营列车停车情况的分析,从停车原因、速度变化过程、轮轴之间速度差异等几个方面,深入论述了滑行现象产生及速度采集不均衡对行车控制的影响,提出车辆防滑控制、速度均衡优化的应对策略,为有效解决此类问题提供重要参考.     

The effects of emission control area regulations on cruise shipping

To control SOx, NOx and particulate matter emission from ships, including cruise ships, emission control areas (ECAs) have been defined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), which influences cruise planning. This paper investigates a mixed integer programming model to reschedule voyage plans by optimizing speeds, sailing patterns and ports-of-call sequences, hence reducing fuel costs. A tabu search based solution method is developed to solve the model. Computational tests on real-world data of cruise lines are conducted in order to explore the effects of ECA regulations on cruise shipping. The results show that the proposed model can save fuel costs under ECA regulations, and the designed solution method is efficient.     

振动减速带的速度控制效果研究

车速是影响道路交通安全的一个重要因素，提高速度控制技术的功效，对于改善道路安全性具有重要的意义。文章通过对振动减速带的车辆速度进行观测和分析，评价了速度控制设施的减速效果。