CRH2列控车载测速测距设备EMC实验及防护方法

CRH2型动车组具有特殊的电气接地方式,为车载电子设备带来了复杂的电磁兼容环境。在动车组运行过程中,围绕车载ATP测速测距设备发生了一些电磁兼容问题。通过对车载ATP测速测距电磁兼容问题的分析及实验研究,对相应的防护改进方法进行了介绍与探讨。     

重庆市城镇土地集约利用时空动态变异分析

通过建立城镇土地集约利用度评价指标体系,运用改进的熵值法,对重庆市1997—2005年各城镇土地集约利用程度进行评价.根据评价结果,对重庆市土地集约利用程度进行区域性的时空变异分析,总结出全市各区域土地集约度时空变异规律及其形成原因,提出未来提高城镇土地集约利用度的政策建议.     

Effect of a speed reduction of containerships in response to higher energy costs in Sulphur Emission Control Areas

The objective of this paper is to explore the possible consequences of the future low-sulphur fuel requirements in Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) on vessel speed, from the standpoint of the container shipping industry. Rational energy use, speed reduction, and revenues are closely related in the container shipping sector because speed reductions may provide substantial energy and cost savings. The operators could consider reducing their speed in SECA in order to save on fuel that will become relatively expensive. However, to maintain a weekly frequency without adding new ships, such a behaviour implies that the required speed at sea outside the SECA area increases. This paper aims to investigate if such a difference in speed is cost-effective, and if the increase in speed outside SECA may result in an increase in CO₂ emissions of the total cycle. We propose a cost model that estimates the cost-minimising combination of speeds inside and outside SECA, and the resulting CO₂ emissions of the liner service. Applying this model to representative liner services serving North Europe, we find that differentiating speed accordingly slightly decreases total costs and increases CO₂ emissions in a similar way. The results are sensitive to the price of low-sulphur fuels, the part of the cycle in SECA and the number of ships deployed in the service.     

隧道检测裂缝的图像处理研究

裂缝是隧道衬砌最常见的病害之一,基于近几年快速发展的工程检测系统与图像处理算法的研究,提出基于CCD相机的衬砌裂缝检测系统来采集裂缝图像。通过比较均值滤波、中值滤波、维纳滤波、自适应中值滤波和加权邻域滤波比较,选择自适应中值滤波进行图像增强。结合直方图阈值分割法、Otsu最大类间方差阈值和局部阈值分割法,对增强后图像进行二值化处理比较,Otsu法较好地保留了裂缝的边缘信息,证明了该算法的有效性,为后续裂缝信息的提取奠定了基础。     

航向数据去噪中两种滤波方法对比研究

电控罗经因其多种优点得剑广泛的使用，但是由于受多种干扰影响，其航向数据存在不同噪声。利用改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波和抗野值算法，将其应用到罗经的数据处理中，并与经典kalman进行了比较。通过试验结果中误差方差和Allan方差系数的比较，得到Sage-Husa自适应滤波比经典kalrnan更适用于航向数据的处理。     

ISO与ITTC方法在实船航速修正应用对比

介绍了ISO15016：2015和ITTC2017两种实船航速修正方法，对比了两种修正方法的测速要求和修正流程。并通过8种具有代表性的船舶试航数据，采用两种方法对试航数据进行修正，分析了不同环境因素的修正结果，可为今后船舶EEDI测速试验和航速修正提供参考。     

兰新高铁化学固沙防护工程试验研究

基于室内试验,对4种固沙剂的各项性能指标进行了测试和分析,并在烟墩风区开展现场试验。室内试验结果表明:固沙剂的黏度随着温度降低呈增大的趋势,在-20℃时出现结冰现象;固沙剂浸水后表面有溶胀现象,但风蚀量均小于1%;固化层平均厚度依次为A型>B型>C型>D型,B型层厚最均匀;风洞试验中固沙剂的质量损失率都小于1%,均具有良好的抗风蚀能力;时效性A型最优,成本A、D型最高。现场试验表明:喷洒固沙剂的沙方格抗风蚀能力明显强于未喷洒固沙剂的沙方格,喷洒固化剂的沙方格有效地发挥了固沙作用。     

Speed management strategies and drivers' attitudes in Thailand

In Thailand where speeding on highways and roads has been a key contributing factor in road traffic crashes, considerable efforts to control vehicle speeds have been made, mostly through speed limit enforcement. However, the fact that speed limits are very often violated on a large scale in Thailand suggests the need for implementing more effective speed management strategies such as automatic speed cameras, increasing speeding penalty, and smart vehicle design to control vehicle speeds. While the effectiveness of such measures depends mainly on how well they could lead drivers to change speeding behavior, public acceptability is also vital as a key to sustainability of most speed management programs. This paper attempts to identify public acceptability of speed management measures, both currently implemented and under consideration, in Thailand. In doing so, data from the questionnaire surveys based on a random sample of 2180 drivers in Thailand including a wide range of individual characteristics of respondents and their attitudes to select speed management schemes are analyzed using an econometric technique. In particular, we introduce a simplified methodological framework to develop a better understanding of factors that explain drivers' attitudes towards speeding behavior and alternative speed management strategies. Findings from this research provide several important implications that could improve the current practices of speed management in Thailand.     

信号交叉口进出口段限速标志对运行效率的影响研究

限速标志在对速度管控的同时,对运行效率也有影响。作者以嘉兴市G320-文昌路平面信号交叉口为例,结合实地调研与VISIIM模拟,运用前后对比法分析了该交叉口设置基本路段限速90 km/h和在进口前100米限速70 km/h及全段80 km/h限速两种限速情形下的行程时间、延误时间、排队长度及停车次数的差异。结果表明,在信号交叉口进口范围内设置较基本路段低的限速,对交通安全改善作用不大,还会在一定程度上降低运行效率。     

非等时距GM(1,1)灰色模型在路基沉降预测中的应用

灰色理论现已普遍运用于路基沉降的预测中,以某高速公路为例,运用灰色理论建立路基沉降的非等时距GM(1,1)预测模型,并采用后验差法进行精度检验。以工程实测沉降数据为基础,对模型的预测结果进行了分析。结果表明,预测值与实测值之间误差较小,从而证实该方法的可行性。