A two-stage taxi scheduling strategy at airports with multiple independent runways

Long taxiing times at large airports lead to fuel wastage and dissatisfied passengers. This paper investigates the 4D taxi scheduling problem in airports to minimize the taxiing time. We propose an iterative two-stage scheduling strategy. In the first stage, all aircrafts in a current schedule period are assigned initial 4D routes. In the second stage, landing aircrafts that are unavailable to fulfil their initially assigned routes are rescheduled using a shortest path algorithm based approach. In this paper, the simplified model used in most existing literature, that depicts a runway as having a single entrance and a single exit or even sets only one point to represent both of them has been discarded. Instead, we model the fact that a runway has multiple entrance and exit points and use an emerging concept—Runway Exit Availability (REA)—to measure the probability of clearing a runway from a specific exit during a specific time interval so that the taxiing scheduling model can be much higher approximation to the practical operation. An integer programming (IP) model factoring REA is proposed for assigning 4D taxiing routes in the first stage. The IP model covers most practical constraints faced in airport taxiing procedures, such as the rear-end/head-on conflict constraint, runway-crossing constraint, take-off/landing separation constraint, and taxi-out constraint. Besides, flight holding patterns at intersections are much more realistically modelled. Furthermore, to accelerate the solving process of the IP model, we have refined the formulation using several tricks. Simulation results by proposed scheduling approach for operations at the Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK) for an entire day demonstrate a surprising taxiing time saving against the empirical data and simulation results based on a strategy similar to what being used now days while showing an acceptable running time of our approach, which supports that our approach may help in real operation in the future.     

Bo-Bo-Bo抱轴式机车黏着利用率分析

就Bo-Bo-Bo轴悬式机车二系簧分布，车轮踏面磨耗，车钩高度，一、二系垂向刚度，端、中转向架牵引点高度，电机吊挂点到车轴中心的距离，转向架中心距，轴距等对机车黏着利用率的影响进行分析。研究结果和建议可供设计部门制订技术方案时参考。     

城市轨道交通列车运行延误及其传播特点的仿真研究

城市轨道交通系统具有列车运行间隔小、站间距离短、车站线路布置比较简单等特点，一旦列车发生运行延误，其传播的速度快、影响范围大。本文在分析城市轨道交通列车运行延误发生的随机性特征的基础上，指出城市轨道交通列车运行延误具有直接性、快速性和双向性的特点以及基于这些特点的列车运行延误传播的两种表现形式，然后运用系统仿真的理论与方法，建立了基于列车运行图的城市轨道交通列车运行延误的仿真模型，通过设计合理的列车运行延误统计指标和仿真分析方案，以某城市轨道交通线路为背景进行仿真分析。通过仿真分析发现，列车运行延误及其传播主要与能力利用率、缓冲时间、备车数量以及辅助线数量等因素有关，并且这些参数之间应该保持一定的合理匹配关系。     

提高造船钢材利用率的方法研究

阐述了钢材利用率和钢材规格对于船厂效益的影响,以及相互之间的关系。另外,还从加强过程控制出发,对典型结构进行分析,提出提高钢材利用率的具有可行性的系列技术方法,以及余料管理的原则和方法。     

CTCS-3系统中GSM-R网络结构的研究分析

针对当前CTCS-3系统中GSM-R网络采用的交织双网结构,提出了一个新的网络传输冗余结构。利用马尔可夫链,综合考虑了GSM-R网络通信过程中可能导致通信失败的一些因素:传输错误、传输干扰、连接的丢失、越区切换等,以及列车速度对系统可靠性与有效性的影响,提出2种网络结构的可靠性与有效性模型。通过对新网络结构的仿真分析,采用新网络结构使得系统在工作状态下的逗留时间有了很大的提高,可靠性和有效性均优于传统的网络结构,并且受到列车速度的影响也更小。     

电子战飞机远距离支援干扰有效区分析与仿真

分析了电子战飞机远距离干扰有效区的影响因素,根据设置的作战想定进行了仿真计算,具体形象地展现了远距离支援干扰有效区的覆盖范围,结果符合实际。为未来空袭战争中指挥员了解干扰有效区情况,合理编队提供帮助。     

Gender structures in car availability in car deficient households

This paper studies the intra-household allocation of cars in car deficient households from a gender perspective. An individual’s car access is measured in terms of duration of car use over a week. Car deficient households are defined as households with fewer cars than drivers. We develop a set of hypotheses that serve to explain gender differences in car availability, and empirically test some of these hypotheses by using multiple regression analysis. The data we use is the German Mobility Panel 1994–2008. Our findings provide evidence for the importance of social roles and economic power in intra-household negotiations about the limited resource of the household car. We cannot clearly decipher whether patriarchal structures and/or gender preferences are relevant as well, but our data suggest that both may play a role.     

铁路数据通信广域网的高可用性设计

为满足铁路通信系统、安全生产监控系统和信息系统业务的IP化快速发展需求,如何构建一个高可用的承载多业务的铁路数据通信网广域网成为设计过程中应关注的重点,从互连拓扑结构、网络组件、路由协议等方面进行分析,并提出设计建议。     

机车可用性分析与评估

文章阐述机车可用性与可靠性、维修性之间的关系,以某车型为例,介绍机车固有可用性和技术可用性的评估方法,并指出为确保达到规定的可用性指标,需综合权衡机车可靠性设计和维修性设计。     

防雷及接地对提高信号系统可靠性的研究

由典型案例入手,从防雷及接地技术对信号系统造成影响的各个方面进行分析,并提出一些解决方案,提高防雷及接地系统的作用,保护后级信号系统、提高其可靠性.