南水北调中线工程潮河段隧洞盾构选型设计研究

针对南水北调中线总干渠潮河段隧洞工程的水文地质和工程地质条件,结合隧道结构、管片形式和施工特点,从土压平衡盾构和泥水平衡盾构的掘进机理及对不同地层的适应性进行分析。根据2种盾构的工作状况、出渣设备、施工场地、经济性、环境影响等多方面特点,对土压平衡盾构和泥水平衡盾构进行综合比较,提出适用于潮河段隧洞工程施工用的盾构机型。     

GPS技术在路线勘测应用中的重点问题探讨

主要探讨GPS技术应用于路线勘测中存在的几个重点问题,着重阐述了高程系统的转换、CPS控制网的布设以及GPS控制网平差三个方面内容.     

Dynamic pricing for managed lanes with multiple entrances and exits

Priced managed lanes are increasingly being used to better utilize the existing capacity of the roadway to relieve congestion and offer reliable travel time to road users. In this paper, we investigate the optimization problem for pricing managed lanes with multiple entrances and exits which seeks to maximize the revenue and minimize the total system travel time (TSTT) over a finite horizon. We propose a lane choice model where travelers make online decisions at each diverge point considering all routes on a managed lane network. We formulate the problem as a deterministic Markov decision process and solve it using the value function approximation (VFA) method for different initializations. We compare the performance of the toll policies predicted by the VFA method against the myopic revenue policy which maximizes the revenue only at the current timestep and two heuristic policies based on the measured densities on the managed and general purpose lanes (GPLs). We test the results on four different test networks. The primary findings from our research suggest the usefulness of the VFA method for determining dynamic tolls. The best-found objective value from the method at its termination is better than other heuristics for all test networks with average improvements in the objective ranging between 10% and 90% for revenue maximization and 0–27% for TSTT minimization. Certain VFA initializations obtain best-found toll profiles within first 5–50 iterations which warrants computational time savings. Our findings also indicate that the revenue-maximizing optimal policies follow the “jam-and-harvest” behavior where the GPLs are pushed towards congestion in the earlier time steps to generate higher revenue in the later time steps, a characteristic not observed for the policies minimizing TSTT.     

Connectivity-based optimization of vehicle route and speed for improved fuel economy

Traditionally, vehicle route planning problem focuses on route optimization based on traffic data and surrounding environment. This paper proposes a novel extended vehicle route planning problem, called vehicle macroscopic motion planning (VMMP) problem, to optimize vehicle route and speed simultaneously using both traffic data and vehicle characteristics to improve fuel economy for a given expected trip time. The required traffic data and neighbouring vehicle dynamic parameters can be collected through the vehicle connectivity (e.g. vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, vehicle-to-cloud, etc.) developed rapidly in recent years. A genetic algorithm based co-optimization method, along with an adaptive real-time optimization strategy, is proposed to solve the proposed VMMP problem. It is able to provide the fuel economic route and reference speed for drivers or automated vehicles to improve the vehicle fuel economy. A co-simulation model, combining a traffic model based on SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) with a Simulink powertrain model, is developed to validate the proposed VMMP method. Four simulation studies, based on a real traffic network, are conducted for validating the proposed VMMP: (1) ideal traffic environment without traffic light and jam for studying the fuel economy improvement, (2) traffic environment with traffic light for validating the proposed traffic light penalty model, (3) traffic environment with traffic light and jam for validating the proposed adaptive real-time optimization strategy, and (4) investigating the effect of different powertrain platforms to fuel economy using two different vehicle platforms. Simulation results show that the proposed VMMP method is able to improve vehicle fuel economy significantly. For instance, comparing with the fastest route, the fuel economy using the proposed VMMP method is improved by up to 15%.     

一种高速铁路衔接站点灭灯进路联锁软件实现方法

高速铁路信号机的显示采用了新的技术标准,信号机的常态为灭灯,其联锁逻辑与普速铁路有较大不同。尤其在衔接站,逻辑更为复杂。基于站场图形网络的软件架构,采用模块和消息方法,对信号机点灭灯办理进路的联锁软件进行设计,并分析通过进路和组合长进路的典型情况。该方法适用于衔接站常态灭灯和点灯信号机混合布置的情况。对于信号显示,采用基于布尔表达式方法构建显示逻辑并通过另一份软件和数据进行校核。从风险点和防御措施的角度分析软件安全性,认为采用的方法符合产品安全性要求,适合于工程推广应用。     

Performance measure for reliable travel time of emergency vehicles

Travel time is very critical for emergency response and emergency vehicle (EV) operations. Compared to ordinary vehicles (OVs), EVs are permitted to break conventional road rules to reach the destination within shorter time. However, very few previous studies address the travel time performance of EVs. This study obtained nearly 4-year EV travel time data in Northern Virginia (NOVA) region using 76,000 preemption records at signalized intersections. First, the special characteristics of EV travel time are explored in mean, median, standard deviation and also the distribution, which display largely different characteristics from that of OVs in previous studies. Second, a utility-based model is proposed to quantify the travel time performance of EVs. Third, this paper further investigates two important components of the utility model: benchmark travel time and standardized travel time. The mode of the distribution is chosen as benchmark travel time, and its nonlinear decreasing relationship with the link length is revealed. At the same time, the distribution of standardized travel time is fitted with different candidate distributions and Inv. Gaussian distribution is proved to be the most suitable one. Finally, to validate the proposed model, we implement the model in case studies to estimate link and route travel time performance. The results of route comparisons also show that the proposed model can support EV route choice and eventually improve EV service and operations.     

A heuristic model of bounded route choice in urban areas

There is substantial evidence to indicate that route choice in urban areas is complex cognitive process, conducted under uncertainty and formed on partial perspectives. Yet, conventional route choice models continue make simplistic assumptions around the nature of human cognitive ability, memory and preference. In this paper, a novel framework for route choice in urban areas is introduced, aiming to more accurately reflect the uncertain, bounded nature of route choice decision making. Two main advances are introduced. The first involves the definition of a hierarchical model of space representing the relationship between urban features and human cognition, combining findings from both the extensive previous literature on spatial cognition and a large route choice dataset. The second advance involves the development of heuristic rules for route choice decisions, building upon the hierarchical model of urban space. The heuristics describe the process by which quick, ‘good enough’ decisions are made when individuals are faced with uncertainty. This element of the model is once more constructed and parameterised according to findings from prior research and the trends identified within a large routing dataset. The paper outlines the implementation of the framework within a real-world context, validating the results against observed behaviours. Conclusions are offered as to the extension and improvement of this approach, outlining its potential as an alternative to other route choice modelling frameworks.     

基于最小浮动车样本数量的道路覆盖率与交通信息更新周期研究

基于浮动车样本数量的道路覆盖率与交通信息更新周期的关系是浮动车信息采集技术应用中亟待解决的关键问题。浮动车的道路覆盖率与交通信息更新周期之间成正比关系,通过对基于经典概率统计理论的传统计算最小浮动车样本数量方法中所存在不足的分析,提出从路段内车辆运行时间角度出发考虑样本量,引入表征运行时间变化的变量,确定满足道路覆盖率的最小浮动车样本数量,进而建立基于浮动车样本数量的道路覆盖率与交通信息更新周期的关系模型,并给出满足道路覆盖率的浮动车最小样本数量计算的改进算法。通过成渝高速公路成都—龙泉段的实际浮动车数据,验证了关系模型的可靠性及改进算法的优越性。     

怀邵衡铁路复杂不良地质区域线路方案研究

由于怀邵衡铁路在怀化南客站至安江站段存在铀矿、岩溶、断层等多种复杂不良地质,线路方案比选影响因素复杂,方案选择困难,采用地质条件分析及工程经济技术比较等方法,详细论述铀矿辐射、岩溶及岩溶水、断裂构造、高地应力、页岩气、围岩分级、工程投资、工期等因素对该段方案选择的影响,通过综合分析各种地质及工程经济技术条件,最终确定西线方案为合理的线路方案。