复合地层下盾构施工模态系统刀盘荷载及振动特性研究

基于苏埃通道盾构工程和盾构及掘进技术国家重点实验室的盾构施工模态系统的刀盘实体,利用JHC本构模型对岩体进行仿真,通过显示动力学软件LS-DYNA对不同模式下的滚刀群切削复合地层进行数值模拟,并结合滚刀、刀盘的力学分析及傅立叶变换函数,得到滚刀和刀盘的三向荷载-时间历程曲线及荷载的频谱图。通过分析荷载曲线及频谱图可知:1)在荷载特性方面,切削过程中滚刀和刀盘荷载均具有突变性、随机性和冲击性;当滚刀运动经过软硬岩层交界面时,滚刀切点荷载发生突变,有可能发生剧烈震荡。2)在振动特性方面,刀盘荷载的频率主要集中在0~5 Hz,属于典型的低频振动,并与滚刀的频率分布一致;软岩及硬岩仅对滚刀荷载的幅值产生影响,对其频率分布影响有限。结合刀盘在软硬不均地层条件下静力学的分析结果,确定刀盘在不均匀受力状态下的最大应力、应变位置,为苏埃通道滚刀破岩物理模型试验刀盘测试系统的构建提供了依据。     

天目山隧道掘进粉尘监测与人员急性中毒原因分析

天目山隧道施工过程中,作业人员出现眼睛红肿及皮肤红肿、脱落等急性中毒症状。为探明急性中毒原因,通过监测隧道内粉尘体积质量变化、分析粉尘化学组分,辨识出引起中毒的有害物质。经检测发现,爆破后以2 274 m~3/min的风量通风10 min,作业区的粉尘体积质量可降低至接触限值(1 mg/m~3)以下;超前小导管钻孔时,作业区的粉尘体积质量为接触限值的56倍,作业人员会出现显著的急性中毒现象。另外,天目山隧道粉尘中钒、镍、锰和铬的含量以及围岩中砷、铜、铬、镍和钒的含量均较高,特别是急性中毒发生时隧道空气中钒和砷的体积质量最高,作业人员的症状与钒、砷的中毒诊断标准相符。可以判断,隧道作业人员急性中毒主要由以钒和砷为主的粉尘所致。     

喷射混凝土液体速凝剂研究现状

概述了国内外液体速凝剂的发展现状,按主要促凝组分把液体速凝剂分为4大类:水玻璃型、铝酸钠(钾)型、硫酸铝型和无硫无碱型液体速凝剂,针对每类液体速凝剂,分别从制备、性能特点和促凝机制研究3个方面对其国内外研究进展和最新成果进行了阐述。指出目前液体速凝剂尤其是无碱液体速凝剂在掺量、价格、储存稳定性和安全环保等几个方面存在的问题,并提出了今后液体速凝剂研究方向。     

开敞式TBM隧道仰拱衬砌同步施工关键技术

为实现TBM掘进与仰拱衬砌同步施工,缩短工程关键线路工期,提高隧道施工效率,设计出双通道仰拱同步衬砌台车。台车断面为非对称结构形式,以满足TBM掘进施工及其相关配套设施的布置及运行。台车采取"前斜坡段+前道岔段+4个标准段+后道岔段+后斜坡段"的布置方式,台车下方划分成多个作业面,具备仰拱混凝土浇筑准备、浇筑、养护等的功能;根据施工支洞距离长、坡度大以及TBM掘进段交通条件受限的特点,采用支洞轮式运输和主洞有轨运输的联合运输方式,保障物料运输快捷有序;台车前后采用升降坡轨道搭接装置,实现TBM配套标准轨道竖向搭接的平顺过渡。工程实践表明:仰拱同步衬砌台车应用效果较好,施工进度最大可达到648 m/月,在不影响TBM正常掘进的前提下可有效缩短关键线路工期。     

基于岩土控制变形工法的公路隧道施工变形分析——以野猪山隧道为例

宁波野猪山公路隧道右线出口段埋深浅、围岩差,采用岩土控制变形工法施工。该工法在我国公路隧道施工中几乎未有使用。本文通过数值模拟和现场监测数据对比分析,得出:1)隧道地表沉降的开挖空间效应约为0.6倍跨径,并据敏感程度划分为沉降敏感区、敏感过渡区、稳定区3个区域;2)隧道拱顶沉降约60%发生在掌子面到达监测断面前,开挖空间效应稍大于单倍跨径;3)隧道掌子面挤出变形呈外凸抛物面形态,建议施工中纤维锚杆的搭接长度设为6 m,并据挤出变形发展速率划分为快速发展、稳定发展、基本稳定3个阶段。     

人工冻土冻结过程分析及冻结管布置间距的计算

为确定在冻土冻结过程中冻结影响范围与冻结时间的关系,将人工冻土冻结过程拆分为土体表面的热散失和冻结管的冻结2个过程,并以热势能及热势能耗散过程中的平衡方程分析上述关系。为确定冻结管间距的合理取值,引入热势能理论并计算当量热阻,建立在多个冻结管影响下微元体的冻结时间方程,提出一种在多个冻结管作用下冻结影响范围与冻结时间的关系的计算方法及冻结管布置间距的确定方法。通过实例分析了人工冻土厚度的计算方法,以数值模拟方法比较了不同冻结管布置对冻结时间的影响。上述研究成果深化了人工冻土理论研究与实际应用之间的关系。     

Study of Engineering Geological Conditions and Railway Tunnel Scheme across Qiongzhou Strait（琼州海峡工程地质条件及铁路隧道方案研究）

The cross sea channel for the Qiongzhou Strait not only provides a solution for transportation, but also plays an important role in the political and economic development of the region. In addition, the project has an extensive impact on many fields, such as energy, national defense, science and technology, opening up and reform, comprehensive utilization and so on. It is a significant project to enhance China′s comprehensive national strength, defend the country′s territorial integrity and promote regional economic development. The geological conditions across the Qiongzhou Strait are complex. A large amount of existing engineering geological information and hydrogeological data are collected, based on which the seismic impact on subsea tunnels and the main geological conditions including tectonic structures are analyzed. Different options crossing the Qiongzhou Strait have been considered and compared in terms of engineering geology, environmental condition, as well as the construction feasibility. The analystical results indicate that a subsea tunnel has more advantages over a bridge. Because more complicated technical difficulties have to be solved for a highway tunnel which would potentially increase construction and operation costs, a railway tunnel scheme is recommended. Vehicles can be carried by trains through the Qiongzhou Strait railway tunnel. Based on the seabed topography and geological conditions, four preliminary railway tunnel routes are proposed. After a comprehensive comparative analysis, the railway tunnel route Ⅱ is identified to be superior to other alternatives and should be the basis for determining the final tunnel layout. The proposed tunnel cross section includes two railway tunnels and one service tunnel. All the three tunnels have the same structural form and dimension and will be constructed by shield.     

桩基施工及承载阶段对运营盾构隧道的影响

针对合肥某立交桥上跨既有盾构隧道工程，通过有限元数值模拟方法对单桩邻近隧道施工进行参数敏感性分析，并进一步研究立交桥单桥墩桩基础与双桥墩桩基础在施工及承载阶段对盾构隧道管片变形与内力的影响；通过对比分析2种立交桥跨越既有盾构隧道方式下的地表沉降、盾构隧道管片及铁轨变形，探讨2种跨越方式在工程应用中的优劣。研究结果表明： 1）单桩对邻近隧道结构的影响，随着桩长、桩径的增加而增大；随着桩隧净间距的增大而近似呈指数函数形式降低。2）当桩长与隧道埋深比值大于1时，增加桩长是减小隧道结构变形的有效途径。3）单桥墩桩基础施工阶段对盾构隧道的影响效应小于承载阶段，管片位移以沉降为主。承载阶段随着荷载的增加，横向轴力与弯矩在靠桩一侧拱腰位置变化最大，纵向轴力与弯矩在拱顶位置变化最大。4）双桥墩桩基施工及承受上部荷载时，较单桥墩而言同一管片处的沉降增大0.3 mm，水平向位移减小0.56 mm。经比较，中间无桩的跨越隧道方式更优。     

Challenges and Countermeasures in Construction of  Gaoligongshan Tunnel of Dali Ruili Railway（大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道施工挑战与对策）

In order to resolve the challenges encountered in the construction of Gaoligongshan Tunnel such as soft rock deformation of inclined shafts, water drainage and protection of vertical shafts, TBM jam in crossing areas with adverse geology, solutions and key construction techniques are developed through theoretical analysis, field test, scheme optimization and staged review and summary. The performance results of field practice show that: (1)the goal of no damages and no replacement of the primary support can be achieved by adopting the comprehensive deformation prevention technique of "ring support early formation and quick closure", setting of proper excavation line curvature, and reinforcing of support; (2)the risk of vertical shaft flooding during construction in water rich weak granite can be greatly reduced by adopting the water control principle of "exploration for any excavation, plugging as the main method, and supplemented with drainage method" and the key pre grouting technique of S shaped deep boreholes; (3)the open type TBM can quickly and safely pass through the unfavorable mylonitic granite stratum by adopting the small pilot tunnel construction method, thus the fast and high efficiency construction performance of TBM can be fully utilized.     

Design Method and Application of Rock and Support System for Super large Span Tunnel（超大跨度隧道围岩支护体系构件化设计方法及其应用研究）

In order to guarantee the stability of surrounding rock and support structure of super large span tunnel and realize quantification of support structure design, the optimal excavation contour line shape is obtained based on study of influence of initial ground stress on bearing arch of surrounding rock; a new quantitative design method, in which the surrounding rock is regarded as an arch structure, bolts, cables, shotcrete and lining are designed to satisfy the intensity, rigidity and stability of the arch structure, is presented to design the support structure system. The method has been successfully applied to super large span tunnel of Badaling Great Wall Station on Beijing Zhangjiajie High speed Railway; and the applicable results show that the maximum accumulative settlement of crown top of large span section is only 17.3 mm, and the relative subsidence of crown top is only 0.09%, which can meet safety requirements.