黄土地区抗滑桩嵌固段桩前被动土拱形成演化过程试验

抗滑桩是大型交通基础设施中稳定边坡和治理滑坡的主要手段之一，嵌固段桩前被动土拱效应是影响抗滑桩水平承载力的重要因素，被动土拱的形成演化过程是抗滑桩水平抗力调整的关键。通过几何缩尺比例为1∶15的抗滑桩物理模型试验，对桩前被动土拱的形成演化过程进行了探究。根据抗滑桩桩前被动土拱和模型试验系统的对称性，自主设计土压力传感器的布设方案，以保证在试验过程中对桩前土体各测点的x和y方向土压力分布规律进行实时采集；采用千斤顶对模型桩施加水平荷载，对加载过程中抗滑桩嵌固段桩身弯矩、桩前土压力及桩前土体应力变化规律进行了分析。绘制桩前土体应力云图并对桩前被动土拱拱轴线进行了拟合，同时采用数值模拟方法进行对照分析，以揭示桩前被动土拱的演化过程。结果表明：①桩身弯矩和桩前接触土压力均在嵌固点下4倍桩宽处附近出现极大值，后随埋深逐渐减小；②桩前被动土拱是由相邻桩对桩前土体的相互作用使主应力发生偏转而逐步形成的，其演化过程可分为初步形成阶段、承载阶段和破坏阶段；③桩前被动土拱拱轴线呈抛物线形式，随埋深逐渐增大形成被动土拱所需桩顶位移随之增大；④同一埋深处桩前被动土拱矢跨比随桩顶位移增加而逐渐变大，在承载阶段土拱矢跨比随埋深逐步减小。     

季节性冻土地区铁路路基冻结深度变化规律研究

对哈齐(哈尔滨—齐齐哈尔)客运专线DK221+150断面温度场进行实测,并对该断面温度场进行了二维有限元分析,研究季节性冻土地区铁路路基冻结深度变化规律及其影响因素,并拟合出冻结深度与热通量及持续冻结时间的函数关系。结果表明:该地区铁路路基最大冻结深度约0.3 m;路基冻结深度主要取决于浅层土体的热通量及持续冻结时间;当表层热通量降低至某一临界值后,土体冻结深度不再发展,冻土厚度开始逐步减少;冻结深度与热通量、持续冻结时间呈线性关系,随着冻结状态时间的延长,热通量的敏感性下降,持续冻结时间敏感性上升。     

基于排水抗液化理论的碎石桩在某港口工程的应用

排水是碎石桩重要的抗液化功能之一,但我国工程界的排水抗液化运用较少,理论研究及工程经验不足。回顾了排水抗液化理论的发展历史,总结不同学者的排水抗液化理论的关键要点,指出井阻是排水抗液化法必须考虑的不利因素。某强震区港口工程成功运用排水法碎石桩解决了液化难题。详细介绍该工程的碎石桩设计方案及计算方法,总结桩体材料粒径级配的确定方法,对比不同成桩工艺的优缺点,并对排水抗液化碎石桩的质量检测方法提出建议。     

Centrifuge modelling of pipe-soil interaction in clay with crust layer

Seabed in regions, such as the Gulf of Guinea and North West Shelf of Australia, may exhibit a crust layer where the undrained shear strength can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the immediately underlying sediment. This can complicate design of steel catenary risers, where fatigue depends on the cyclic vertical stiffness of the pipe-soil interaction. Potential punch-through of the riser into the underlying soft soil may invalidate design assumptions based on the pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer, which exhibits similar properties to an over-consolidated soil, is also poorly understood. This paper describes centrifuge model tests undertaken in a clay sample with a crust layer, simulating the punch-through process of a pipe under load control and investigating the pipe-soil stiffness during long-term cyclic loading tests under displacement control. Results confirm that the potential for punching-through the crust layer depends strongly on the relative ratio of pipe diameter to crust layer thickness. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness showed a steady increase after an initial remoulding stage in contractile soils (normally consolidated and lightly over-consolidated), but a steady reduction in the heavily over-consolidated, more dilatant, crust. The magnitude of pipe-soil stiffness changes (during both remoulding and reconsolidation) is governed by the over-consolidation ratio of the soil and the amplitude of the cyclic displacements. This study provides insights on the relevant cyclic stiffness to consider when assessing SCR fatigue life in over-consolidated soils and soils exhibiting a superficial crust layer.     

长江下游通州沙西水道整治工程效果分析

针对通州沙西水道存在的诸多问题,2011—2016年间通州沙西水道实施了大规模的河道整治工程,为通州沙汊道形成稳定的双分汊河型创造了有利条件。根据近年来实测水文、地形资料,从通州沙西水道分流比、通州沙沙体、河道的冲淤、河道尺度等方面,分析通州沙西水道河道演变出现的新变化以及整治工程效果。结果表明:通州沙沙体基本稳定,西水道分流比增加2. 4%,-5 m河槽全线贯通,四干河以下-10 m河槽基本贯通,达到工程预期效果。     

滑差对贝氏体钢轨材料磨损行为的影响

通过对磨试验研究接触应力相同时贝氏体钢轨的磨损率、表面粗糙度、硬度,并结合扫描电镜观测到的磨损表面和剖面的形貌特征,分析不同滑差条件下贝氏体钢轨的磨损行为特征和变化规律.结果表明:接触应力为500 MPa条件下,贝氏体钢轨磨损率随滑差的增大而显著增大,滑差由2%增大到10%时磨损率增大了8倍;小滑差条件下的贝氏体钢轨表面较光滑,有少量疲劳裂纹,以滚动接触疲劳磨损为主;大滑差条件下表面粗糙,有疲劳裂纹、剥落坑和表面划擦痕迹,更接近滑动磨损;增大滑差可导致磨损表面加工硬化率偏大;增大滑差对贝氏体钢轨表面的滚动接触疲劳裂纹在深度方向的扩展几乎无影响,且对塑性变形层厚度影响不明显;大滑差可引发亚表面次表层裂纹.     

法标条件下水泥砂在堆场基层中的应用

在石料缺乏地区港口建设中,堆场基层采用常规稳定类粒料,对石料需求量比较大,导致建设成本很高。为充分利用当地资源、节约投资费用,进行水泥砂应用于堆场基层的研究。基于法国标准,采用符合要求的沉积砂或经冲击作用而分解的花岗岩质砂为原材料,以CBR值作为水泥砂主要设计控制指标和强度标准,采用路拌机现场拌和施工,并通过试验段完成各项指标的检测和验证。结果表明,在资源条件受限地区可以选择水泥砂作为港口堆场的基层材料,可有效解决工程所在地石料匮乏问题。     

路基冻胀区双块式无砟轨道动力特性研究

纵连式无砟轨道在路基冻胀区域极易产生轨道结构断裂破坏及结构层离缝等病害。为研究纵连式无砟轨道在路基冻胀状态下的损伤机理,文章建立车辆-轨道-路基冻胀一体化动力学分析模型,对路基冻胀状态下轮轨动力响应特征、轨道结构动力响应特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明:路基冻胀波长为10 m时,双块式无砟轨道各动力特征达到最大值;冻胀波长大于20 m时,各动力特征逐渐趋于稳定;列车荷载在层间离缝位置处使得轨道结构反弯,轨道结构层顶部纵向拉应力增大;20 m以下冻胀波时,拉应力超过或接近设计强度值;无砟轨道各动力响应特征最大值随冻胀幅值的增加显著增大,季冻区施工及运营期间应控制冻胀幅值增加。     

Fitness-for-purpose assessment of cracked offshore wind turbine monopile

In this paper, the procedure for flaw acceptability assessment is examined through a case study of a semi-elliptical surface crack in an offshore monopile as it grows till it forms a through thickness crack. Using the procedure prescribed in an industrial standard (BS 7910), the fracture ratio, K_r is shown to increase monotonically with increasing crack depth. The load ratio, L_r, is initially insensitive to the crack depth. However, there is a rapid increase in L_r when the crack depth to thickness ratio exceeds 80%. L_r values obtained from detailed 3D FE limit analysis using elastic-perfectly-plastic material behaviour do not exhibit the asymptotic behaviour predicted by BS 7910 as the flaw transitions from deep crack to through-thickness crack. Furthermore, K_r predicted by BS 7910 is shown to be an over-estimation for the typical dimensions of offshore monopiles. The findings suggest that a structure with a deep flaw may be identified as unacceptable based on BS 7910 when it may still possess a non-trivial amount of structural residual life. This is a concern for monopiles where crack growth as a large flaw forms a significant part of the total life.