Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation

Container terminals play a critical role in maritime supply chains. However, they show vulnerabilities to severe weather events due to the sea–land interface locations. Previous severe weather risk analysis focused more on larger assessment units, such as regions and cities. Limited studies assessed severe weather risks on a smaller scale of seaports. This paper aims to propose a severe weather-induced container terminal loss estimation framework. Based on a container terminal operation simulation model, monthly average loss and single event-induced loss are obtained by using historical hazard records and terminal operation records as model inputs. By studying the Port of Shenzhen as the case study, we find that the fog events in March lead to the longest monthly port downtime and the highest monthly severe weather-induced economic losses in the studied port. The monthly average loss is estimated to be 30 million USD, accounting for 20% of the intact income. The worst-case scenario is found to be a red-signal typhoon attack which results in nearly 20% decrease in the month’s income. The results provide useful references for various container terminal stakeholders in severe weather risk management.     

天气因素对福州地铁客流的影响分析

地铁作为一种绿色出行方式，是缓解城市交通拥堵的重要手段。地铁客流受到多种因素影响，其中天气因素变化较快，会造成地铁客流的快速变化。了解天气因素对地铁客流的影响，有助于建立相应的运输组织响应措施。本文旨在量化分析天气因素对福州地铁客流量的影响，并考虑原始天气指标的局限性，引入体现舒适度的指标。建立地铁客流与天气因素(包括气压、相对湿度、风力、降水、风寒指数等级、综合舒适度指数等级等)之间的多元线性回归模型，量化影响方向和影响程度。此外，工作日与非工作日的客流模式差异较大，将两者分别建模分析。研究发现：工作日，降水、风寒指数等级和综合舒适度指数等级对地铁客流有显著影响；非工作日，降水、气压、相对湿度、风寒指数等级和综合舒适度指数等级对地铁客流有显著影响。总体而言，非工作日地铁客流对天气因素更加敏感。     

Impact assessment of extreme weather events on transport networks: A data-driven approach

The present paper presents a data-driven method for assessing the resilience of the European passenger transport network during extreme weather events. The method aims to fill in the gap of current research efforts regarding the quantification of impacts attributed to climate change and the identification of substitutability opportunities between transport modes in case of extreme weather events (EWE). The proposed method consists of three steps concerning the probability estimation of an EWE occurring within a transportation network, the assessment of its impacts and the passengers’ flow shift between various transport modes. A mathematical formulation for the proposed data-driven method is provided and applied in an indicative European small-scale network, in order to assess the impacts of EWE on modal choice. Results are expressed in passenger differentiated flows and the paper concludes with future research steps and directions.     

Through the storm: Transit agency management in response to climate change

The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making.     

Modelling the impact of weather conditions on active transportation travel behaviour

Three weather sensitive models are used to explore the relationship between weather and home-based work trips within the City of Toronto, focusing on active modes of transportation. The data are restricted to non-captive commuters who have the option of selecting among five basic modes of auto driver, auto passenger, transit, bike and walk. Daily trip rates in various weather conditions are assessed. Overall, the results confirm that impact of weather on active modes of transportation is significant enough to deserve attention at the research, data collection and planning levels.     

基于CAN总线的船舶自动气象站的研究

为提高船舶气象站的可集成性和维护性,本文构建基于CAN总线的船舶自动气象站。文章对系统总体结构、软硬件设计、传感器选型作了具体描述,以期对实现通用、可扩展的船舶自动气象站具有借鉴作用。     

航海气象传真图的降噪处理

气象传真图是船舶驾驶员预知航行区域的气象信息及海况的主要途径.受电磁波和收发装置的影响,气象传真图在传输、接收的过程中会产生高斯噪声和椒盐噪声,严重时会导致接收到的气象传真图模糊不清和失真,这会影响船舶驾驶员的分析和决策.为此,基于偏微分方程(PDE)建立数学模型,对含有噪声的气象传真图进行降噪处理,取得了明显的效果,这为提高气象传真图的质量提供了一种可行方法.同时,这种方法也可运用于船舶其它的电子图像设备(如电子海图,雷达,AIS),有效降噪、提高图像质量.     

汽车车门密封条系统的结构与功能研究

车门密封条是汽车车门的重要组成部件之一。文章介绍了车门密封条的种类与材料的选择,研究了玻璃导槽、内水切、外水切、门密封条及门槛条等车门密封条的典型断面结构,分析了这些断面的不同功能与设计准则,展示了密封条的微观结构与配合关系。最后得出结论：断面设计是密封条设计的关键,直接影响密封条的性能,同时为后续的密封条设计开发提供参考与支持。     

一种恶劣天气下高速公路车流稳健控制方式

高速公路的安全运营受恶劣天气影响显著,尤其是在极端恶劣的天气情况下。在车辆跟驰理论的基础上提出了一种车流控制方式,并结合车间距和车流安全的影响因素,推导得出了恶劣天气下能见度与高速公路安全行车速度的关系。研究为恶劣天气条件下高速公路的不间断安全运营提供了理论依据。