A survey on modeling and control of thruster-assisted position mooring systems

This review presents a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art development of technological solutions, modeling, and control strategies of thruster-assisted position mooring (TAPM) systems. The survey serves as a starting point for exploring automatic control and real-time monitoring solutions proposed for TAPM systems. A brief historical background of the mooring systems is given. The kinematics and a simplified kinetic control-design model of a TAPM system are derived in accordance with established control methods, including a quasistatic linearized model for the restoring and damping forces based on low-frequency horizontal motions of the vessel. In addition, another two mooring line models, i.e., the catenary equation and the finite element method model, are presented for the purpose of higher-fidelity simulations. The basic TAPM control strategies are reviewed, including heading control, surge-sway damping, roll–pitch damping (for semisubmersibles), and line break detection and compensation. Details on the concepts of setpoint chasing for optimal positioning of a vessel at the equilibrium position are discussed based on balancing the mooring forces with the environmental loads and avoiding mooring line failure modes. One method for setpoint chasing is the use of a structural reliability index, accounting for both mean mooring line tensions and dynamic effects. Another method is the use of a lowpass filter on the position of the vessel itself, to provide a reference position. The most advanced method seems to be the use of a fault-tolerant control framework that, in addition to direct fault detection and isolation in the mooring system, incorporates minimization of either the low-frequency tensions in the mooring lines or minimization of the reliability indices for the mooring lines to select the optimal directions for the setpoint to move. A hybrid (or supervisory switching) control method is also presented, where a best-fit control law and observer law are automatically selected among a bank of control and observer algorithms based on the supervision of the sea-state and automatic switching logic.     

激光复合焊工艺参数选择

针对激光复合焊首次应用于船舶制造,参数众多,缺少针对性试验的问题,进行多参数调整、多次对比试验,分析各项参数对激光复合焊质量的影响,结合试验数据提出各项参数的合理范围,确定的重要参数有激光功率、激光吸收率、焦点位置及光丝间距,与电弧相关的参数有焊接速度、送丝速度,以及过渡形式,各项参数的参数调整会直接影响到复合效果,进而影响焊接质量。     

Flexible riser-bend stiffener top connection analytical model with I-tube

The flexible riser top connection to the floating unit is a critical region considering extreme loading and fatigue lifetime assessment and is generally protected by a bend stiffener to limit the curvature in this region. The top connection usually interface the floating unit with two main configurations: i) end-fitting and bend stiffener directly connected to a riser balcony or ii) riser connected to the floating unit in the end of an I-tube, which reduces the end-fitting bending loading, and bend stiffener assembled to a bellmouth with a given inclination in relation to the I-tube longitudinal axis. The traditional modeling approach considers the riser/bend stiffener system attached to the floating unit, representative of the first configuration. A more realistic modeling approach, capturing the complex interactions of flexible riser/bend stiffener with I-tube interface can be employed for preliminary assessment with less conservatism. In this work, a large deflection analytical beam model is developed for the riser top connection with I-tube considering the bellmouth transition region with a straight rigid surface followed by a curved section. The riser follows a nonlinear bending behavior described by a bilinear moment vs curvature function and the bend stiffener polyurethane material exhibits nonlinear elastic symmetric response represented by a power law function. It is assumed that there is no gap between the riser and the bend stiffener and the riser is fixed in the end-fitting position. The mathematical formulation of the statically indeterminate system results in three systems of coupled differential equations combined with the corresponding multipoint boundary conditions to be numerically solved by an iterative procedure. A case study is carried out with a 7” flexible riser protected by a bend stiffener connected to an inclined I-tube bellmouth. The system is subjected to extreme loading conditions and the influence of the sleeve shape and I-tube length on the riser curvature distribution, including the end-fitting position, and contact forces between the riser/sleeve and riser/bend stiffener sections are assessed.     

铁路沿线城市空间物业开发研究——以宝鸡市南客站核心区站前广场工程为例

为了提升铁路沿线城市空间物业开发的设计手法,结合宝鸡市南客站核心区站前广场工程的设计实践,从系统性设计观、工程性质解析、消防设计思路、空间建构方法、无缝接驳、技术要素等方面进行研究分析,展示将铁路与城市系统进行一体化设计、利用自然资源解决消防和投资问题、平层空间中对多种交通体系的有机组织、不同坐标和高程系统背景下分区域构建柱网、各板块交接处的问题解决等技术成果,总结出同类型建筑的设计思路,力求为该领域的建筑设计发展提供有益的借鉴。     

基于无人机的高层住宅最后“一百米”配送优化

针对城市高层住宅顾客对上门配送服务的需求，借助无人机停放平台，考虑包裹异质性以及无人机在不同配送阶段的精确能耗，构建以无人机飞行成本和能耗成本最小为目标，以无人机容量、电池组容量等为约束的高层住宅无人机上门配送模型，解决“垂直位置最后一百米配送”问题。基于此模型，设计带变邻域下降(VND)搜索的混合蚁群算法(HACO-VND)，引入4个算子进行变邻域下降搜索，为了提高算法的求解性能，提出两种局部搜索算子组合，根据顾客点数量使用不同的算子组合。实验结果表明，HACO-VND算法较CPLEX在求解精度与求解时间方面更优，特别是在大中型算例中表现出较佳性能。参数分析表明，高层住宅楼层数越多，无人机单次 飞行的能耗利用率越大，无人机容量与电池组容量共同对配送方案产生影响。为以后无人机送货上门服务方面的研究提供参考和思路。     

多点后方交会法在地铁竖井联系测量中的应用

竖井联系测量工作的可操作性及准确性对矿山法隧道施工至关重要。以广州市轨道交通21号线某标段2号隧道为研究对象,基于施工竖井结构及现场环境的特殊性,对用于辅助测量的4根钢丝距离和角度进行观测,再利用多点后方交会及钢丝坐标传递原理实现井上和井下坐标传递。研究表明,在隧道开挖至40~60 m、100~150 m、贯通前150~200 m处3个位置开展联系测量工作,可获得井下控制点坐标和方位;利用测量基线指导隧道施工,隧道最大横向贯通误差为38.8 mm,横向贯通限差为±100.0 mm,贯通测量成果良好。结果表明:基于多点后方交会法联系测量技术在地铁竖井联系测量工作中可以快速实现高精度的坐标、方位传递,指导隧道施工,弥补传统常规联系测量方法的不足。     

动车组位置追踪系统常见问题影响分析及解决方法

从动车组位置追踪系统的系统原理、系统接口等方面出发,分析了系统日常应用过程中常见问题的影响,并给出了相应的解决方法,为动车段/所位置追踪系统的设计、应用和维护提供了积极的思路。     

编队飞行中基于危险区域的后机最优位置研究

编队飞行是实现民航绿色发展的重要措施之一。在前机尾涡危险区域分析的基础上，科学确定后机最优位置是编队飞行的关键。首先，以随机两阶段尾涡消散模型为基础，利用Hallock-Burnham涡模型和诱导滚转力矩系数模型分析后机诱导滚转力矩系数的演变规律。然后，基于设定的安全阈值，给出前机尾涡危险区域，并考虑飞行高度、速度和风对危险区域的影响。最后，基于后机不同位置处的燃油流量减少率，得出编队飞行中后机最优位置。研究结果表明：后机诱导滚转力矩系数随着前、后机之间横向距离的增加，呈先增后减再增的趋势；随纵向距离的增加，呈先缓慢减小后快速减小的趋势；高度越高、速度越小，诱导滚转力矩系数的峰值越高。飞行高度越高、速度越小，前机初始尾涡的危险区域越大；随着纵向距离的增加，危险区域不断减小，并随涡核的下沉不断下降。侧风使危险区域发生偏离，侧风越大，偏离程度越大。顺风会增加危险区域的纵向距离，顶风则与之相反。两架B737-800飞机在12000 m高度以0.78马赫数进行编队飞行时，前、后机纵向距离3000m处，无风情况下后机最优位置为横向距离30 m 或-30 m、垂直距离29 m，此时燃油流量减少率为7.01%。相较于无风，左侧风20 m·s -1 下，燃油流量减少率和垂直距离不变，横向距离增加；顺风20 m·s -1 下，燃油流量减少率增加，横向距离不变，垂直距离减少；顶风20 m·s -1 下，燃油流量减少率减小，横向距离不变，垂直距离增加。     

聚焦“专业岗位职务能力”背景下的课程改革与实践——以“建筑结构基础与钢筋算量”课程为例

建筑结构识图和钢筋算量是高职土建类专业学生的核心技能之一。通过聚焦"专业岗位职务能力",对课程重新定位,结合工作岗位任务进行教学内容选取并实施综合考核方式,使学生的知识技能更加贴合专业岗位需求,并实现学生学习热情的长效性,让学生更加适应市场需求,取得了较好的教学效果。     

长昆客专湖南段隧道洞口设计研究

长昆客运专线湖南段经过湘中低山丘陵区、湘中中低山区及云贵高原东缘高山区,项目桥隧工程多,工程设计难度大、施工风险高。为解决项目在复杂山区困难条件下的桥隧相连、大量隧道洞口偏压高陡,部分隧道洞口段穿越岩堆或顺层等不良地质等造成的诸多设计施工难题,针对高速铁路隧道工程的特点,通过研究复杂条件下桥隧相连工程的相对关系,将复杂山区的桥隧相连工程划分为隧桥串接、隧桥对接和隧桥毗连（短路基）3种衔接方式分别系统处理,首次开发并应用高速铁路分离式隧桥串接洞门,用于解决桥隧相连情况下的隧桥串接洞门设计; 通过研究偏压、高陡洞口地形、地质,对困难条件下的隧道洞口提出采取“耳墙+护拱+反压回填”暗挖进洞技术、锚固桩正面防护技术及基底桩基托板技术等工程方案解决了进洞困难、洞口不良地质、隧底软硬不均或部分悬空、安全施工等难题。