舰载雷达稳定平台基座优化设计

本文对某舰载雷达稳定平台基座在船摇、风载和振动载荷作用下的受力情况进行分析和计算。运用有限元技术对原基座的载荷分布进行分析,同时对基座进行结构优化设计。通过对优化后基座的有限元分析计算表明其满足减重要求和船摇、风载和振动条件下的强度设计要求。     

长沙市轨道交通2号线列车能耗分析

以长沙市轨道交通2号为例,分析了列车空载工况和载客工况下的能耗情况,结果表明根据列车能耗系统的实时统计数据核实列车能耗的方式是可靠的。在此基础上,计算分析了列车运行过程中乘客总体重的能耗,与列车自重能耗相比,列车自重能耗在列车总能耗中占很大的比重,因此:合理地降低车辆自重将成为今后车辆设计的重要课题,根据线路客流量特点制定大小交路时刻表将成为城市轨道交通运营公司降低运营成本的研究方向。     

山区公路驾驶视觉信息量计算方法研究

为解决山区公路中驾驶视觉信息量难以量化的问题，对驾驶视野图像进行分割，根 据HSV颜色模型，提取视野图像的色调、饱和度、亮度值，再结合车速值，在驾驶视觉心理负荷的基础上，提出山区公路路域环境下的驾驶视觉信息量计算方法.通过实车实验，进行数据采集，并验证计算方法.计算结果表明，在半郁闭型空间行驶时，接收的视觉信息量最大；在郁闭型空间中，接收的信息量最小.计算结果与被试实际感受具有一致性，说明本文提出的驾驶视觉信息量计算方法具有可行性，可为路域环境的合理布设提供一定的技术参考.     

考虑走滑断裂活动影响的公路隧道初始地应力场反演分析

为了使跨活动断裂带区域地应力反演结果更加符合实际，提出了考虑走滑断裂活动影响的公路隧道初始地应力场反演思路。通过在断裂带与两侧岩体之间建立接触单元，采用边界位移荷载实现了断裂带两侧岩体的相对挤压及滑动作用。依托华坪至丽江高速公路东马场1号隧道工程，对比分析了采用常规边界荷载和考虑走滑边界荷载2种情况下隧址区地应力场的反演结果。研究结果表明:考虑走滑边界荷载反演得到的地应力场更加符合实际且精度更高；常规边界荷载的最大残差为2.29 MPa，而走滑边界荷载的最大残差仅为0.66 MPa，其残差平方和也均小于常规边界荷载；在断裂带附近，考虑走滑活动影响的最大、最小水平应力值相对常规边界均有所减小，上盘岩体垂直应力也相对减小，下盘岩体受上盘岩体的影响垂直应力相对增大，符合跨断层岩体区域实际地应力场的分布规律；隧址区整体表现为水平应力大于垂直应力，以水平构造应力为主。     

基于遗传算法的道路车辆自组织网络源路由机制

在当前基于交叉路口的城市车辆自组织网络(VANETs)路由协议中，道路上数据包传输大多采用基于地理位置的贪婪转发策略，当数据量较大时，个别节点负载较重，极易引起传输延迟增大乃至丢包的情况.本文提出了一种基于遗传算法的源路由机制，通过记录单体车辆的驾驶信息而非传统方法中的车流均值数据，来预测道路上车辆网络的连通情况，并借助遗传算法，首次基于道路连通性、节点负载和连接跳数这3 点综合考虑，计算得出道路上最佳的源路由节点序列.仿真实验结果表明，在传输率与延迟时间上，性能均优于传统的贪婪路由机制，尤其在车流量为250 veh· lane-1· h-1时，传输率提升约13%.该研究可为智能交通信息通讯提供可靠助力.     

考虑实时浮态调整的散货船分舱优化

以某散货船为例,在船舶主尺度、船型参数和货舱总长度不变的情况下,将货舱间横舱壁的偏移距离作为优化参数,以船舶静水弯矩和静水剪力为目标函数进行优化,寻求使船舶静水载荷达到最小的横舱壁组合,并针对货物随着舱壁位置不同而引起的浮态变化,编写实时调整压载水的程序。该程序可应用在散货船的初步设计中,对船舶分舱设计和配载布置都具有指导性的意义。     

Numerical simulation of level ice impact on landing craft bow considering the transverse isotropy of Baltic Sea ice based on XFEM

Ice bending is a major failure mechanism of level ice when ships and marine structures interact with level ice. This paper aims to investigate the ice bending and ice load when level ice collides on ships and marine structures using numerical simulation method, and compare the numerical results with field test. The fracture of ice is simulated with extended finite element method (XFEM), and cohesive zone concept is used to describe the crack propagation. In order to consider the characteristics of S2 columnar ice, a transversely isotropic elastic material model is used for the ice bulk elements, and a transversely isotropic Tsai-Wu failure criterion is adopted to predict the initiation of cracks. A well-controlled field test of a landing craft bow colliding with level ice in Baltic Sea is simulated to verify the numerical scheme. The ice plate's continuous deformation, crack initiation and crack propagation at different impact velocities and angles are simulated and the results are discussed. In the simulation, the bending crack emerges at the midline of the top surface of ice plate, then propagates towards free boundary, and finally a circumferential crack forms. It is found that with the impact velocity increases, the bending load increases and the fracture size (perpendicular distance from the crack to the contact edge) decreases. And as the angle between the landing craft bow and vertical direction increases, the bending load and the fracture size decrease. The simulated results corresponds well with the field test. The competition between the circumferential crack and radial crack is also found in the simulation and will be discussed in this paper. The results show that this method well simulates the bending of level ice and predict the ice load, and provides a good approach for investigating the mechanism of different forms of level ice fracture.     

Validation and application of nonlinear hydrodynamics from CFD in an engineering model of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine

Nonlinear hydrodynamics play a significant role in accurate prediction of the dynamic responses of floating wind turbines (FWTs), especially near the resonance frequencies. This study investigates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to improve an engineering model (based on potential flow theory with Morison-type drag) by modifying the second-order difference-frequency quadratic transfer functions (QTFs) and frequency-dependent added mass and damping for a semi-submersible FWT. The results from the original and modified engineering models are compared to experimental data from decay tests and irregular wave tests. In general, the CFD results based on forced oscillation tests suggest increasing the frequency-depending added mass and damping at low frequencies compared to first order potential flow theory. The modified engineering model predicts natural periods close to the experimental results in decay tests (within 5%), and the underprediction of the damping is reduced compared to the original engineering model. The motions, mooring line tensions and tower-base loads in the low-frequency response to an irregular wave are underestimated using the original engineering model. The additional linear damping increases this underestimation, while the modified QTFs based on CFD simulations of a fixed floater in bichromatic waves result in larger difference-frequency wave loads. The combined modifications give improved agreement with experimental data in terms of damage equivalent loads for the mooring lines and tower base.     

UHPC薄板屈曲试验及临界板厚比研究

UHPC材料是一种新型纤维增强水泥基复合材料,利用材料强度高的特点设计建造桥梁通常为薄壁箱形结构,薄壁箱梁存在剪力滞效应、扭转畸变、翘曲失稳等问题。为研究UHPC箱梁顶板翘曲失稳,指导UHPC薄壁箱梁结构避免局部失稳破坏先于材料强度破坏,进行不同边界条件均布加载的19个UHPC薄板屈曲荷载试验研究。结果表明:UHPC板的屈曲主要有局部受压破坏、单方向裂缝破坏和双向裂缝破坏3种;屈曲荷载计算应引入材料和制作修正系数0.7;UHPC板最大幅值位于h/2高度,并只产生一个半波。最后对屈曲荷载试验值进行有限元计算分析对比,并通过欧拉公式推导UHPC箱梁顶板的临界板厚比限值。     

地铁隧道二次衬砌钢筋网防裂性能研究

为了定量分析防裂钢筋网提高隧道衬砌结构抗裂性能的机理和幅度,以地铁双线隧道二次衬砌结构为研究对象,采用荷载结构法和杆系有限元数值模拟方案,定量分析二次衬砌结构不设置与设置钢筋网这2种情况下的开裂临界荷载。其中素混凝土结构以达到极限拉应变为临界状态,衬砌结构增设钢筋网后以达到GB 50157-2013《地铁设计规范》允许的最大裂缝宽度0.2mm为临界状态。分析结果表明,配置防裂钢筋网后,Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩衬砌结构抗裂性能可分别提高22.4%和19.3%,Ⅴ级围岩衬砌结构抗裂性能提高15.2%;Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩二次衬砌结构的破坏形式由脆性破坏变为延性破坏,从而提高了其安全性能。