某既有地铁线人像识别系统部署方案

简述人像识别系统的技术要点和主流方案,对常见的两种部署方案——图像回传和视频流回传进行比选,并给出推荐方案;结合某市轨道交通3号线现状,讨论在既有线建设人像识别系统时需要注意的工程要点,包括前端摄像机的利旧与补充、传输带宽的计算与扩容等。     

基于IMU标定补偿的列车组合定位优化方法

GNSS/INS组合方式是下一代列控系统定位技术的发展趋势,但由于惯导系统累计误差较大,使得列车处于卫星信号失锁环境下定位性能降低。为解决这个问题,针对微机械惯性测量单元IMU确定性误差的3个主要误差项:非正交误差、零偏误差、刻度因数,建立加速度计和陀螺仪的误差模型,在此基础上详细推导标定原理并提出标定方案。将误差补偿结果应用于京沈高速铁路试验现场并由试验结果分析可知:该方法能有效提高IMU的测量精度,相较于补偿前测量误差降低80%以上;补偿之后的惯导系统在40s时间内的导航速度误差小于1m/s,位置误差在10m之内,满足定位需求,具有实际意义的工程应用价值。     

The Movingo integrated ticket: seamless connections across the mälardalen region of Sweden

ABSTRACT

The need for improved public transport (PT) ticketing in ever-growing deregulated PT markets has made well-designed integrated ticketing systems a priority area of intervention for PT service providers around the world. Yet, very little practical evidence of its impacts are reported in Sweden and in the world at large. The focus of this study was the impacts of the Movingo integrated ticketing scheme in terms of PT patronage, user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the ticketing set-up. Three travel surveys were conducted along the Stockholm-Uppsala route. Methods including logistic regression and correlated t-tests were used to analyse the samples. The findings suggest that the scheme made rail commuting more attractive resulting in an overall increase of about 24% in ticket sales with 3% – 15% car commuters reporting that they patronised PT services after the project. The scheme also resulted in increased rail commuter satisfaction. The overall perceived quality of the ticketing set-up did not however improve due to interoperability challenges. Service providers’ uncertainty about equitable distribution of revenue among the participating service providers, interoperability challenges and the lack of interest among most of the participating service providers to sell Movingo tickets are some issues to be addressed.     

基于聚类站点客流公共特征的轨道交通车站精细分类

已有城市轨道交通车站分类多基于定性分析，不能满足精细化设计和运营的需要。本文提出一种基于聚类站点公共特征的站点精细分类方法。首先，将来源于AFC(Automatic Fare Collection)的进站客流量数据处理为时间序列数据，并基于K-Means++算法对各个站点的客流量进行聚类；其次，建立客流量聚类结果与土地利用特征多维参数的拟合方程，计算获得居住密集型、工作就业型以及区域中心型等5种大类站点的客流量公共特征。在此基础上，充分考虑属于同一大类站点不同站点的细分特性，使用5类客流量公共特征比重组合精细描述具体站点类型。 实例结果表明，使用本文提出的精细分类方法计算得到的每个站的客流量拟合值与真实客流值间的平均绝对百分比误差控制在14%以内，说明该分类方法具有可行性。     

北京地铁6号线常营站一体化地下空间项目开发建设模式研究

随着我国城市化进程的不断推进,轨道交通一体化开发成为城市立体化、集约化、生态化发展的重要途径。为充分疏散地铁客流、有机结合周边地块并服务于附近大规模居住人口,在北京地铁6号线常营站建设项目中采取一体化开发的建设模式,通过积极协调各相关单位,与周边物业公司开展合作,最终确定前期通盘规划、中期同步施工、后期一并交付的开发建设模式。研究表明,(1)从规划层面明确不同维度空间的使用性质,可突破现行的两维规划;(2)合理解决建设资金问题,可实现同步规划、同步设计、同步施工的建设目标,以加快地铁建设进度;(3)预留与地铁车站接驳条件,可实现地铁站厅与周边物业项目的立体连通;(4)一体化开发的建设模式可有效节约地铁附属设施的占地面积,美化站点周边道路景观,并提升周边建筑项目的品质。     

考虑网络外部性航运商与无车承运人竞合研究

构建由 1个海洋航运商和 2个无车承运人组成的上下游的合作与竞争关系，2个无车承运人有不同的市场地位.通过斯坦伯格博弈研究发现，航运商负责货源或处于领导地位的无车承运人负责货源会影响各方的均衡利润及渠道结构.分析比较了海洋航运商的整合策略和利润共享策略.结果表明，在网络外部性和无车承运人提供差异性服务时，纳什均衡是航运商负责货源且上下游整合或利润分享.     

一种基于联运产品服务效率的运输收益清算方法

既有多式联运收益清算一般按照各方式运输距离及费率确定，未充分考虑运输时间效率和外部性(如碳排放)对于联运服务竞争力的影响，导致收益清算与联运服务竞争力的分离，限制了联运服务的发展.本文据此提出了基于各方式运输时间效率及碳排放的收益清算方法，该方法考虑了各方式运输时间及运输时间比例的变化，并通过权重系数来满足不同联运环境下收益清算的需要“. 渝新欧”多式联运的实例结果表明，本文方法可提高运输效率较高、绿色低碳方式的收益占比，如当公路时间不变，铁路运输时间由目前的 14.9 d缩短至 9.0 d时，其收益由 95.0%提升至 98.9%.运输时间及其比例的权重系数案例显示，其他条件一定时，不同的权重系数下铁路的收益占比相差约3%，因此需根据实际联运环境确定合理的权重系数.     

混合不确定条件下绿色多式联运路径优化

主要研究了当运输时间、中转时间、客户需求和中转集拼货运量四重混合不确定因素服从随机分布时的绿色多式联运路径优化问题，运用随机优化理论，以运输成本、碳排放成本和时间惩罚成本为目标，建立混合不确定条件下绿色多式联运路径优化模型.通过对各子目标函数权重进行赋值，得出考虑不同成本因素的多式联运路径优化方案.探讨时间、需求和网络服务能力对多式联运路径优化结果的灵敏度分析，发现各成本随时间变动而变化的规律和边际运输成本最小时的服务时间；当货运量形成规模效应后可降低边际运输成本；不同网络服务规模的运输路径优化结果，以及满足客户不确定需求的最小网络配置.     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

基于BIM技术的测绘要素集成和模型共享方法研究

针对航道BIM设计过程中测绘要素集成和模型共享等方面存在的问题,提出一种基于BIM技术的测绘要素集成,及基于专用中间文件格式和公共数据模型格式实现测量BIM模型共享的方法。通过工程案例分析,阐述BIM技术在测绘要素集成及测量BIM模型传递共享的技术路线,结果表明基于BIM技术的测绘要素集成及模型共享具有优越性,研究成果可为开展测绘BIM工作提供借鉴。