接触网覆冰脱冰动力响应的有限元仿真

基于外加载荷源的机械冲击对接触网覆冰的影响,建立简单链形悬挂接触网的静力学模型,并在此基础上得到接触网-覆冰模型。对接触网-覆冰模型进行动力学分析,通过模态、谐响应、瞬时动力响应分析得到覆冰时的接触网固有频率;最佳除冰载荷频率范围应远大于1.5 Hz;并通过改变外加载荷方式确定最佳除冰载荷方式。将方法推广于一般覆冰条件,结合不同载荷作用点、载荷频率、载荷增加方式等综合分析,使除冰效果最佳。     

基于NURBS的船体曲面切割和排板技术的探讨

船体曲线和曲面的分割与曲面排板是船舶计算机辅助设计与制造中的一项关键技术。本文使用一种新的算法实现了船体NURBS曲面的切割以及外板曲面的生成,并对某集装箱船的船体曲面和船体某外板曲面进行了计算,验证了该算法的正确性和可行性。     

Customers’ selections between premium electric taxis and liquefied petroleum gas taxis

Reducing roadside emissions is a common challenge in metropolitan cities. In Hong Kong, conventional liquefied petroleum gas taxis are one of the main contributors to roadside emissions as they operate on the streets 24 h a day with a long daily driving mileage. Moreover, these taxis suffer from a severely poor service reputation. To enhance the environmental friendliness and service quality of the taxi industry, this study explores the market potential of operating premium electric taxis in the dispatching mode. A stated preference survey was conducted to 1410 taxi customers about their taxi-riding choices between premium electric taxis and conventional liquefied petroleum gas taxis. In total, 5640 observations were obtained and used to develop a series of binary logistic regression models with different model formulations for the determination of the significant factors influencing customers’ selections. The findings indicate that walk time to and wait time for taxis were the most critical concerns to the customers, and they were more willing to take premium taxis if their journey distance was longer and their desired improvement on taxi service quality was greater. The socio-demographic status of taxi customers also influences their choices. The associated policy implications are discussed for promoting taxis with better service quality and fewer roadside emissions. The findings provide some policy insights to other international cities that have a similar taxi market to Hong Kong.     

一种基于软阈值的小波去噪算法

对于高幅度和宽尺度的噪声要素，尤其是当有用信号的幅度和噪声尺度相差不大时，使用传统的傅里叶滤波和一般的小波变化去噪的效果不是很好，对此提出了一种软阈值去噪方法。仿真实验结果表明，这种方法在有效消除高频随机信号和特定尺度的噪声，同时又能很好地保留原有的有用信号。     

The biogeochemical cycling of methane in Ria de Vigo, NW Spain: Sediment processing and sea–air exchange

Methane (CH₄) concentrations were measured in the water column, in sediment porewaters, and in atmospheric air, in the Ría de Vigo, NW Spain, during both the onset (April 2003) and at the end of (September 2004) seasonal upwelling. In addition, CH₄ concentration and stable isotopic signatures (δ¹³CH₄) were measured in porewaters, and sediment methanogenesis and aerobic oxidation of CH₄ were determined in sediment incubations. Surface water column CH₄ (2 m depth) was in the range 3–180 nmol l^− 1 (110–8500% saturation) and followed a generally landward increase but with localised maxima in both the inner and middle Ría. These maxima were consistent with CH₄ inputs from underlying porewaters in which CH₄ concentrations were up to 3 orders of magnitude higher (maximum 350 μmol l^− 1). Surface water CH₄ concentrations were approximately three times higher in September than in April, consistent with a significant benthic CH₄ flux driven by enhanced sediment methanogenesis following the summer productivity maximum. CH₄ and δ¹³CH₄ in sediment porewaters and in incubated sediment slurries (20 °C) revealed significant sediment CH₄ oxidation, with an apparent isotopic fractionation factor (r_c) of  1.004. Using turbulent diffusion models of air–sea exchange we estimate an annual emission of atmospheric CH₄ from the Ría de Vigo of 18–44 × 10⁶ g (1.1–2.7 × 10⁶ mol). This estimate is approximately 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than a previous estimate based on a bubble transport model.     

Residual circulation and sediment distribution in the Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal

A two-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport models have been developed and applied to the Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal. The application consisted in the study of the residual circulation, the residence time as well as the sediment dynamics in the lagoon. High residence time for particles situated at the far end of the main channels points out that they are retained for a long time and tend to remain there, with high probability of being deposited into the bed. Low residence time for the central areas implies that the particles are flushed out more rapidly toward the lagoon mouth, revealing that the water and the particles exchange are very effective there. Although the residual circulation due to the rivers induces an overall transport toward the lagoon mouth, the residual circulations due to the winds induce particular circulation patterns (clockwise or counter-clockwise eddies) at some locations of the lagoon, depending on the wind direction. It was found that the suspended sediment concentrations along the main channels are induced by tidal asymmetries (resulting in areas of ebb and flood dominance), as well as by the wind stress and rivers runoff effects. They contribute, in general, to increase the sediment export toward the ocean, although the wind stress may induce currents and circulations in the opposite direction of the tidal currents. High turbid zones are observed for strong tidal currents, associated with tidal asymmetries, as well as with high rivers runoff. The erosion–deposition budget indicates a tendency for sediment accumulation at important areas of the lagoon, namely the shallow ones.     

A traffic noise model for road intersections in the city of Cartagena de Indias,Colombia

Road traffic noise models are fundamental tools for designing and implementing appropriate prevention plans to minimize and control noise levels in urban areas. The objective of this study is to develop a traffic noise model to simulate the average equivalent sound pressure level at road intersections based on traffic flow and site characteristics, in the city of Cartagena de Indias (Cartagena), Colombia. Motorcycles are included as an additional vehicle category since they represent more than 30% of the total traffic flow and a distinctive source of noise that needs to be characterized. Noise measurements are collected using a sound level meter Type II. The data analysis leads to the development of noise maps and a general mathematical model for the city of Cartagena, Colombia, which correlates the sound levels as a function of vehicle flow within road intersections. The highest noise levels were 79.7 dB(A) for the road intersection María Auxiliadora during the week (business days) and 77.7 dB(A) for the road intersection India Catalina during weekends (non-business days). Although traffic and noise are naturally related, the intersections with higher vehicle flow did not have the highest noise levels. The roadway noise for these intersections in the city of Cartagena exceeds current limit standards. The roadway noise model is able to satisfactorily predict noise emissions for road intersections in the city of Cartagena, Colombia.     

TBM施工隧道管片衬砌段回填注浆质量检测综合物探方法研究及应用

针对目前无损检测方法应用于管片壁后回填注浆质量检测的局限性，综合地质雷达和地震映像法的优点对注浆质量进行可靠性检测。首先利用有限差分数值模拟方法分别对2种方法在管片后注浆质量的检测进行模拟，验证方法的理论检测效果。在该结果基础上，采用预测反褶积滤波技术对2种方法结果中的多次波进行有效滤除，以提高检测结果的准确性及可靠性。最后根据数值模拟实验结果，将数据滤波技术及最优探测参数在西藏某公路双护盾TBM施工隧道回填注浆质量检测中进行实际应用，并结合钻孔内窥结果对检测结果进行评价。结果表明： 预测反褶积滤波技术能够有效滤除管片内钢筋模所产生的多次反射波，并能提高2种方法的分辨率； 地质雷达法探测结果分辨率高，但受限于管片内钢筋模的影响，400 MHz天线有效探测深度约为1 m，地震映像法探测深度能达到5 m左右，但分辨率低于地质雷达法，2种物探方法优劣互补； 综合利用2种方法能够有效解决管片衬砌段回填注浆质量检测的难题，保障隧道建设安全。     

一种散斑干涉条纹的细化处理

干涉条纹的细化可以减少数据存贮量、提高处理速度,同时最重要的是提高干涉条纹的判读精度.但由于散斑干涉条纹的信噪比较低,常用的图像分割算法对干涉条纹的二值化都会存在一部分失真,针对散斑干涉条纹的灰度级成规律分布的特点,提出一种不对其采用阈值分割即把干涉条纹二值化的算法,实验结果表明此算法能较好地对一幅散斑干涉条纹图像进行细化.     

110 m浮式转载平台基本设计

转载平台投资少、见效快、货损少、效率高,是低迷航运市场中盈利能力较强的海工产品。某厂设计、建造的110m浮式转载平台,可从小型运输驳往大型散货船上驳运散货,装载能力为4000t／h。文中总结了该转载平台设计中有关转载效率、减轻空船重量、简化压载系统、提高运营灵活性和经济性等基本问题,也分析了设计建造中遇到的特殊问题,对相关设计人员有较好的借鉴作用。