Aggregate expenditure elasticity for transport and communication in Australia

For the purpose of estimating Engel elasticity, one needs to find the best functional form among various alternatives. In this paper, a new function, which is called the double semi-log Engel function turns out to be the best functional form for the transport and communication items in Australia on the basis of the distance function (D²) criterion, and the non-nested hypothesis testing procedure. This function is then used to estimate total expenditure elasticity, and the percentage change in consumer demand due to changes in total expenditure and total expenditure inequalities; using the 1975–76 Household Expenditure Survey data. The results of the analyses demonstrate that transport and communication is a necessary item in Australia on the basis of two criteria, viz., its elasticity is not significantly greater than unity, and the percentage change in demand increases with a decrease of the total expenditure inequality [emphasised by Iyengar (I960)]. Policy implication of the analyses has also been discussed.     

GLUTAMATE－IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS IN MEDULLARY RAPHE－CEREBELLUM PATHWAY IN THE KITTEN

ＧＬＵＴＡＭＡＴＥ－ＩＭＭＵＮＯＲＥＡＣＴＩＶＥＮＥＵＲＯＮＳＩＮＭＥＤＵＬＬＡＲＹＲＡＰＨＥ－ＣＥＲＥＢＥＬＬＵＭＰＡＴＨＷＡＹＩＮＴＨＥＫＩＴＴＥＮ（江赛男），（刘荣桓）ＪｉａｎｇＳａｉｎａｎ；,ＳｉｍｏｎＪ．Ｆｕｎｇ；ＬｉｕＲｏｎｇｈｕａｎ；，...     

公路岩质边坡稳定性的工程地质分析

岩质边坡稳定性问题对公路工程建设的决策、造价和工期具有重要的影响和作用;同时,它还是公路边坡工程设计与施工的重要依据条件之一。针对漳龙高速公路XX段岩质边坡的稳定性问题,从边坡的地形地貌特征、岩石类型与特征、岩体结构类型与特性、结构面发育度与优势面状态等多方面因素,并采用赤平极射投影法;对该段岩质边坡的稳定性进行定性的工程地质分析。     

Subjective-utility travel time budget modeling in the stochastic traffic network assignment

ABSTRACT

In this article, we propose a new model called subjective-utility travel time budget (SU-TTB) model to capture travelers' risk-averse route choices. In the travel time budget (TTB) and mean-excess travel time (METT) model, a predefined confidence level is needed to capture the risk-aversion in route choice. Due to the day-to-day route travel time variations, the exact confidence level is hard to be predicted. With the SU-TTB model, we assume travelers' confidence level belongs to an interval that they may comply with in the route choice. The two main components of SU-TTB are the utility function and the TTB model. We can show that the SU-TTB can be reduced to the TTB and METT model with proper utility function for the confidence levels. We can also prove its equivalence with our recently proposed nonlinear-expectation route travel time (NERTT) model in some cases and give some new interpretation on the NERTT with this equivalence. Finally, we formulate the SU-TTB model as a variational inequality (VI) problem to model the risk-averse user equilibrium (RAUE), termed as generalized RAUE (GRAUE). The GRAUE is solved via a heuristic gradient projection algorithm, and the model and solution algorithm are demonstrated with the Braess's traffic network and the Nguyen and Dupuis's traffic network.     

�ҹ���������ؼ��ڵ㰲ȫ�����о�

海上运输关键节点安全评价研究是保障我国海上运输通道安全的重要环节,为科学全面评价我国海上运输关键节点的安全状况,本文建立评价指标体系,引入投影寻踪方法构建安全评价模型,通过遗传算法求解,对关键节点的安全状况进行评价,并挖掘相关海峡的主要安全威胁。评价结果表明,涉及我国重要物资如石油、集装箱运输的霍尔木兹海峡、马六甲海峡、曼德海峡及苏伊士运河的安全水平相对较低,而且印尼地区的龙目海峡、巽他海峡及望加锡海峡的安全状况也相对较差。评价结果为我国制定保障海上运输安全措施及做出相关管理决策提供科学依据,对提高我国海上运输安全性与可靠性具有重要意义。     

新建地铁控制中心大屏幕系统的设计优化

地铁控制中心的大屏幕系统能够便捷地为调度人员提供直观的信息显示,但也因为能耗大、维护成本高等诸多原因而饱受争议.分析了大屏幕系统在使用过程中存在的争议,提出了大屏幕系统设计的优化和改进措施.随着运营需求的不断增加和对大屏幕系统要求的不断提高,在进行大屏幕系统设计时,必须在合理规划运营需求的同时,积极探讨和使用新技术、新工艺.     

对加快我军航空运输装备建设发展的若干思考

分析了我军当前航空战略投送装备存在的主要问题,在借鉴美军先进经验的基础上,提出了加强我军军用运输机（运输直升机）等航空战略投送装备建设发展的对策建议,例如尽快生产并配备大型运输机、发展超大型战略运输机及直升机、升级改造现有中型运输机和开展新型多用途飞机预研,对于有效增强我军战略投送能力具有重要意义。     

结合相关模板匹配和改进的积分投影眼睛定位方法

对眼睛快速、准确的定位是对运动中的人脸进行实时识别的重要前提.提出了1种结合人脸特征、相关模板匹配和改进的积分投影的方法,实现了快速有效的眼睛定位.在图像预处理的基础上,结合最大类间方差阈值分割法的二值化处理、数学形态学的开运算、相关模板匹配以及改进的积分投影得出人脸区域,然后根据人脸特征间的几何关系,利用改进的积分投影及其统计数据的峰值位置确定眼球的中心位置.实验表明,该方法具有很好的定位效果,对不同角度、不同方向的倾斜人脸、脸部表情及姿势变化等具有很好的鲁棒性.     

高斯-克吕格投影和横轴墨卡托（UTM）投影的异同

介绍在工程测量中使用的2个主要投影的原理和方法,特别在国外测量中常使用的UTM投影和国内常用的高斯投影之间的关系,以及2个投影的异同。结合UTM投影在缅甸工程测量中的应用,分析高斯-克吕格投影与UTM投影的正反解公式。     

基于模糊投影决策模型的铁路客运专线融资结构优化研究

通过对融资结构优化决策特点的分析，指出铁路客运专线融资结构优化决策实际上是复杂的多目标决策问题。在此基础上，建立铁路客运专线融资结构优化决策递阶结构模型、决策指标组合权重熵值法与专家主观意见相结合的计算模型以及模糊投影决策评价模型；并编制了决策系统和分析软件；给出了应用实例进行验证，证明此文建立的评价模型能充分利用信息，对表面上看起来复杂的方案进行优劣次序排列，且能使理论和经验结合起来。排序结果能够比较客观公正地反映我国铁路客运专线融资结构的实际情况，可为铁路客运专线的融资结构提供指标评价及方案优选服务，避免因主观原因而造成的决策偏差。