纯电动车辆应急启动系统设计

文章对纯电动车辆启动系统进行优化设计,可以使车辆在动力电池有电而辅助蓄电池电量不足时确保车辆正常启动,提高了车辆实用性。     

Asymmetric Rock Pressure on Shallow Tunnel in Strata with Inclined Ground Surface

By building a tunnel model with a semi-circular crown, the asymmetric rock pressure applied to the shallow tunnel in strata with inclined ground surface is analyzed. Formulae, which not only include the parameters related to both tunnel structure and surrounding rock mass, but the overburden depth, are developed. The computation for four tunnel models show that the method presented is feasible and convenient. Furthermore, the influence of the overburden depth on the rock pressure is elaborated, and the criterion to identify the deep or shallow tunnels is formulated as well.