Evaluating determinants of attractiveness and their cause-effect relationships for container ports in Taiwan: users’ perspectives

The attractiveness of ports is usually a pre-requisite and necessary condition for ports to achieve competitiveness, as well as the springboard to explore the competitive advantages of ports. To determine whether a port is competitive, it is necessary to explore whether it boasts certain factors that make the port attractive to users. The main purpose of this article is to apply the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique to evaluate key determinants of attractiveness and their cause/effect relationships for container ports in Taiwan. The empirical results showed that: (1) Top six determinates of attractiveness for container ports are ‘ample cargo sources,’ ‘favorable port charges,’ ‘dense ship network and routes,’ ‘low transshipment costs,’ ‘efficient wharf operations,’ and ‘adequate wharfs and back-line land,’ respectively. (2) Among the above six determinants of attractiveness, ‘ample cargo sources’ is the cause determinant. Three determinants of port attractiveness, ‘favorable port charges,’ ‘dense ship network and routes,’ ‘low transshipment costs,’ which are the effect determinants. They are affected by the determinants of attractiveness of ‘ample cargo sources’. In addition, this study discusses the above findings and expects to provide the study results to Taiwan’s port authorities for reference.     

基于微处理器的汽车电动助力转向系统

分析了汽车电动助力转向系统(EPS)的核心技术和控制过程,综合基于微处理器技术的电子控制单元(ECU)的开发研究及实验检测结果,总结了这一类型控制系统的性能特征及有效的分析试验模式,提出量产时系统的集成及检验方法。     

On the dilution of liquid waste in ships' wakes

A study of the mixing behavior of liquid waste after ocean dumping is essential for the identification of dump sites, as well as for impact assessment on the surrounding oceanic waters. The dilution of liquid waste in the wakes of ships at sea is explored in this study, and the effects of the circumstances of the discharge operation such as the discharge rate, and the size and speed of the vessel, and the oceanic parameters such as currents and turbulence level in the water column, are examined. the mixing process is categorized into three stages: near-wake, far-wake, and long-term diffusion. Dilution rates in the three stages are derived, based on the theories of diffusion and momentumless wakes. In the far-wake stage, the speed of the ship is the most effective parameter in enhancing the dilution rate. The formulae for dilution rates in the farwake stage and for long-term diffusion agree well with field measurements, while the well-known IMCO formula underestimates the dilution rate. Presented at the International Conference on Technology for Marine Environment Preservation (MARIENV '95), Tokyo, Japan, September 24–29, 1995.     

A time series analysis of the dynamic competition between major cargo airports

This paper models the dynamic competition between major cargo airports from the time series perspectives of long-term equilibriums and short-run dynamics. We first apply a unit root test to examine the stationarity of cargo throughput data. Airports are then analysed pairwise by region to test their equilibrium relationships through cointegration analysis. Meanwhile, we also utilise the error correction model to investigate the short-run impacts of cargo traffic between the airports. According to our findings, there are four positive long-term equilibriums, one positive short-run dynamic and three negative short-run dynamics in Asia. In addition, the airports in North America are found to have four positive long-term equilibriums, three negative long-run equilibriums, seven positive short-run impacts and three negative short-run impacts. As these dynamic relationships imply competition between cargo airports, our study can provide airport authorities with the reference to develop their long-term strategies and short-run operational plans.     

我的汽车缘(十) 通用在中国商用车领域的探索

<正>通用的业务发展规划由市场占有率目标来拉动。因此,市场占有率目标促使着通用在尚未涉足的细分市场中开发新业务,这也便引发了通用在中国商用车领域的探索。就一般经济发展的规律而言,商用车市场的发展在开始时要超前于乘用车,但随着成熟市场的形成,乘用车与商用车的比率约为80%:20%,甚至商用车的比率还会更低。在20世纪90年代末的中国,虽然乘用车已经走上发展的快车道,但占市场比率仍低于商     

基于VR技术的多人协同船舶消防系统开发及应用

针对当前船舶消防培训的现状和不足,结合VR技术和网络通信技术,以Unity 3D为开发平台,基于典型船舶火灾处置流程,搭建多人协同船舶消防系统。借助VR设备捕捉人体运动数据,并将数据进行处理映射到虚拟角色的骨骼系统中,从而实现虚拟角色的动作跟随。以散货轮火灾为训练对象,借助三维建模技术,搭建消防训练虚拟火场环境,通过体感交互方式来对虚拟消防设备进行操作。通过网络通信技术搭建网络后台并开发客户端接口,实现多个客户端之间的交互数据同步,从而实现多个消防工位的协同消防演练。该系统能够提供一个安全的动态火灾训练环境,以实现提高学员的协同作战能力,降低船舶消防演习训练成本,提高学员训练效率的目的。实践表明,该系统的培训效果良好,可应用于消防培训。     

四驱混合动力汽车动力系统匹配与控制策略研究

外充电式混合动力汽车是电动汽车较好的技术路线,也是当前研究的热点。构建了一辆前轮发动机驱动、后轮电动机驱动的外充电式四驱混合动力汽车模型,进行了电机、电池和发动机参数设计,设计了发动机最优工作曲线能量控制策略和电能消耗型能量控制策略,并用Matlab和AVL Cruise软件对其进行了性能联合仿真。结果表明,所构建汽车模型可行,匹配动力系统参数设计达到预期目标,电能消耗型能量控制策略更有利于提高经济性。动力系统结构和能量控制策略易于产业化,可为样车开发提供借鉴。     

聚酯弹性体在汽车转向器中的应用研究

以微型汽车球头销座为实例研究以聚酯弹性体取代聚甲醛制造汽车球头销座。对聚酯热塑性弹性体和聚甲醛所制的汽车球头销座进行了台架模拟对比试验、吸油性能对比试验和扫描电镜(SEM)对比试验。试验结果表明，聚酯热塑性弹性体具有高的强度、硬度、韧性及耐磨损性能，其综合性能优于聚甲醛，可取代聚甲醛用于制造汽车球头销座。     

Evaluating airlines with slack‐based measures and meta‐frontiers

This study develops a new performance evaluation model, called the meta dynamic network slack‐based measure (MDN‐SBM). This model incorporates the concept of meta‐frontiers to facilitate comparisons of performance of decision making units, while at the same time it generalizes the slack‐based measure (SBM), network SBM, and dynamic SBM. This MDN‐SBM model is capable of dealing with two important special features of the transportation industry: unfavorable accidents and non‐storable goods, i.e. available seat‐kilometers that are wasting assets that lose value completely if unsold before departure. Hence, this generalized model contains higher differentiable capability than all its SBM‐related submodels in the literature. To demonstrate, 35 international airlines with two divisions (production and consumption) in three terms (one‐year time periods from 2007 to 2009) have been analyzed using meta‐performance efficiency measures (ME) for all decision making units and have also been compared by geographical area (Asia‐Pacific, N. America/Europe). The numerical example and comparison validate the proposed MDN‐SBM model and suggest the airlines should put more focus on input resources reduction for productivity improvement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深圳地铁1号线百货广场地段风险识别及分析

深圳地铁1号线国大段单洞双层隧道,下穿华中酒店百货广场大楼,并且遇到18 900kN的桩基托换,在国内外尚属首例,因此设计、施工均存在很大风险。论文首先介绍风险分析理论及程序,并在此基础上进行华中酒店百货广场地段的风险分析,并以此说明,在工程中用德尔菲法结合层次分析法进行半定量的风险分析的实用性。