菲亚特车身采用机器人水性环保漆喷涂

涂装也许不是汽车生产流程中最重要的一环，但对于消费者而言，涂装效果却可能是汽车外观最重要的一面。汽车厂商要保证优异的涂装品质，离不开必要的技术诀窍及智能化解决方案。因此，当菲亚特公司计划在其都灵米拉菲奥里工厂投建一条车身环保漆涂装线时，立即将目光投向了ABB公司。     

Total cost minimizing transit route structures considering trips towards CBD and periphery

The total cost minimizing approach to design transit systems is extended here beyond the usual dimensions of fleet (frequency) and vehicle size in order to examine the most appropriate spatial setting of transit lines as well. Motivated by the case of large cities in Latin America, characterized by high volumes of relatively long urban trips, we analyze the best ways to provide public transport services in a simplified urban setting represented by an extended cross-shaped network, where short trips (periphery–center) and long trips (periphery–periphery) coexist, generating economies of density. Three families of strategic lines structures are compared: mostly direct, feeder–trunk and hub and spoke. For each structure fleet and vehicle sizes are optimized, considering total (users’ and operators’) costs. The best structure is found parametrically in total passenger volume, the proportion of long trips and the value of the transfer penalty. The advantages of each dominating structure are explained in terms of factors like idle capacity, waiting or in-vehicle times and number of transfers.     

Flow measurements in the exhaust system of a motorized engine

Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) is used to measure the highly turbulent flow in the upstream region of the catalytic converter for a four stroke IC engine. These experiments are conducted for a motorized engine to investigate the feasibility of using SPIV for exhaust flow measurements in a firing IC engine in our future research. The results obtained here can also be used for validation of the CFD models. The measured flow is highly three dimensional, non-uniform with large magnitudes of turbulence indicating recirculating flow structures. These structures show signatures of jet flows coming out of the exhaust valves at all exhaust crank angles. The triangular shape and location for the end face of each exhaust runner pipe, the length and geometry of the runners also affect the flow mixing process upstream of the catalytic converter contributing to the complexity of this flow. Although majority of the exhaust flow passes through the catalytic converter, some will recirculate due to impingement of the exhaust jets on the surface of the catalyst.