微电解法去除老龄渗滤液中有机污染物的特性

采用微电解法对老龄垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,研究了最佳工艺条件并分析了微电解法去除垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物的特性．结果表明：最佳条件为pH为4,铁屑与活性碳体积比为1：2,反应时间为1．5h．在上述工艺条件下,对老龄渗滤液中的化学需氧量和难降解有机物去除率分别为84．5％和89．9％．经微电解法预处理后,出水的可生化系数增加了116．6％,难降解有机物的相对含量降低了32．8％．     

填埋场快速稳定的功能菌筛选及复合菌系构建

为加速填埋场的稳定化进程,采用传统的微生物学方法,从环境中经反复筛选及多次传代培养得到性能稳定的功能菌.根据功能菌的功能,组合成不同的功能菌群,通过研究各组功能菌群产酶的能力和对填埋场稳定化指标的影响,构建了加速填埋场稳定化进程的复合菌系.结果表明:在性能稳定的功能菌中,含9株纤维素降解菌,8株渗滤液化学需氧量COD(chemical oxygen demand)降解菌,7株絮凝剂产生菌;由所有菌株共同组成的功能菌群Ⅶ#的产酶能力最强,引入填埋场可有效加速填埋垃圾的生物降解,促进填埋场稳定化,使填埋垃圾有机质生物降解率、胡敏酸的百分含量和沉降率较未添加功能菌群对照组分别高26.23%、9.18%和10.01%.     

亚热带典型森林生态系统土壤呼吸

为了解中国亚热带森林土壤碳释放CO2与区域气候环境的关系,在亚热带典型区域浙江西天目山选择森林生态系统类型杉木林、毛竹林和常绿阔叶林,采用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统测定土壤呼吸通量.结果表明:各林分的土壤呼吸日变化趋势多呈单峰型; 3个森林生态系统中,土壤CO2年均释放速率大小依次是毛竹林4.28 μmol/(m2·s)、杉木林2.35 μmol/(m2·s)、常绿阔叶林2.23 μmol/(m2·s).土壤呼吸随着不同季节土壤温度的变化相异, 8月最高, 11月受低温限制,呼吸作用微弱.土壤水分与土壤呼吸呈负相关,且常与土壤温度一起共同作用于土壤呼吸,这种非线性交互作用导致环境因子影响土壤呼吸的过程.     

Screening of Bioflocculant-Producing Strains and Characteristics of Microbial Flocculation

A high effective bioflocculant-producing strain named LB1 was isolated and screened from the leachate by routine micro-method. The strain was identified as genus Pseudomonas according to the morphologic and physiological-biochemical characteristics of the strain. The biological characteristics of the microbial flocculants produced by LB1 were investigated. The results show that the optimal production period of microbial flocculant using LB1 is 96 h; and the products, found in the fermentation liquor, comprise the extracellular organic matter (EOM) of LB1 generated during LB1 growth and the secondary metabolites in the anaphase of LB1. Meanwhile, the mycelia can improve the performance of the microbial flocculants. Because heat has a greater influence on the active substance in the microbial flocculants than other factors, the activity of the flocculants decreases with increasing temperature and the time of heating. The flocculants can flocculate mud-containing and melanin-containing wastewater effectively with a flocculation ratio of 85.1% and 92. 2% , respectively. The optimal heating temperature varies from 20 to 45 ℃. When flocculating the two wastewater, the flocculating activity of the flocculants is above 57. 7% and 70.9% , respectively, in a wide pH range from 3 to 11.     

优势菌株对垃圾渗滤液COD的降解特性

采用不断增大垃圾渗滤液浓度的方法，筛选出5株有效降解垃圾渗滤液化学需氧量（COD）的优势菌株，研究其对渗滤液COD的降解特性．结果表明，5株优势菌株均是好氧微生物，对COD的最佳降解时间为120h，最适pH均为7；混合菌株比单一菌株的降解效果好，在30℃，pH为7时COD去除率为45．3％；加入碳源有利于渗滤液COD的降解，但加入无机氮源使COD的去除率降低．