国外管道漏磁检测技术分析

管道在线检测是采集管道缺陷信息,及时发现管道存在的风险,降低管道事故可能性的有效手段。根据对管道完整性存在威胁的不同数据类型,国外在线检测主要分为漏磁检测（MFL）、超声波壁厚检测、超声波裂纹检测、涡电流检测、电磁检测和惯量检测,其中惯量检测是对管道中心线移动情况的检测。在对这几种检测方法功能对比分析的基础上,介绍了国外漏磁检测技术所用工具的类型,分析了漏磁检测技术对各种缺陷的判断能力,得出漏磁检测法具有更好更全面的检测能力,适用于管壁缺陷的检测。     

Reliability Evaluation of Compressor Systems Based on Universal Generating Function Method

At present, universal generating function (UGF) is a reliability evaluation technique which holds the bare-looking and easily program-realized merits in multi-state system. Thus, it is meaningful to apply this method to an actual industry system. Compressor systems in natural gas pipelines are series-parallel multi-state systems, where the compressor units in each compressor station work in a parallel way and these pressure-boosting stations in the pipeline are series connected. Considering the characteristic of gas pipelines, this paper develops two different UGFs to evaluate the system reliability. One (Model 1) establishes a system model from every compressor unit while the other (Model 2) considers the whole system as a combination of multi-state components. Besides, all the parameters of “weight” in UGFs are obtained from thermal-hydraulic models based on the actual engineering and “probability” from Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the system reliabilities calculated by different UGFs are approximately equal. In addition, the demand of gas and the gas pipeline transportation system show a reverse trend. Because the number of parameters needed in Model 2 is far less than that needed in Model 1, Model 2 is simpler programming and faster solved.