铁路建设项目社会经济环境影响评价研究进展

社会经济环境影响评价（Socioeconomic Environmental Imp3ct Assessment．简称SEIA）作为一项综合的环境影响评价（Environmental Impact Assessment。简称EIA）的重要组成部分，由于其重要的理论和现实意义。正日益引起重视。受到越来越多的关注。与其它行业相比，铁路工程在社会经济环境影响方面显得尤为突出。但从目前的实际情况来看。关于铁路建设项目SEIA的研究尚处于起步阶段，文献很少。理论不成熟，实际操作也不规范，许多方面缺乏统一的认识。系统地回顾了SEIA研究历史和现状．并总结了国内铁路建设项目SEIA存在的主要问题。     

Experimental study on frictional and sealing performances of packing rings in an oil-free gas compressor

To enhance the reliability and to extend service life of packing rings, tribological and sealing performances are investigated based on the experimental results. Friction force, leakage rate and power consumption of three materials of pressure packing seals are measured in a refitted vertical gas compressor. The rings are made of common filled polytetrafluroethylene (Filled PTFE), PTFE reinforced with 30% mass fraction carbon fiber (30%CF+PTFE), and carbon-carbon composites infiltrated with PTFE (C/C+PTFE), respectively. It is found that packing rings will periodically vibrate with the periodic vibration of pressure packing after the travel direction of motion abruptly turns to the reverse direction. Furthermore, the amplitude of vibration slows down with the increasing crank angle. Approximate value of friction force is available by multiple-point fast Fourier transformation (FFT) employed to process the experimental results by reducing the impact of vibration to a great extent. Of three materials of rings employed in experiments, Filled PTFE presents minimal leakage rate accompanied with maximum power consumption. And 30%CF+PTFE exhibits minimum friction power and moderate leakage rate. As for C/C+PTFE, its high mechanical and thermal properties are favorable factors to enhance the ability of operating under high pressure and velocity and to improve the wear resistance. Unfortunately, this also leads to a large leakage rate. Comprehensive consideration should be taken into to evaluate the availability, reliability and service life for a type of packing ring under dry running conditions.