外国人是这样考驾照的

日 本——众所周知,英国、日本和坦桑尼亚、香港等国家和地区与世界上绝大多数国家相反,车辆靠左行驶。据说,英国在汽车出现之前,都以马匹为交通工具,策马者往往左手执缰绳,右手握剑,以防止敌人袭击,因而作为现代交通工具的汽车也沿袭了这种习惯靠左行驶。日本的汽车驾驶学校一般都有一套成熟严谨的现代化教学方式。 驾校课程分成校内和上路两个阶段,每个阶段都分学科课程(教材)和技术课程(上车)两部分。校内阶段必须完成一定课时,并且通过驾校组织的知识测验和技术考核后才能进入第二阶段上路学习。第二阶段结束后依然是知识测验和技术考核,全部合格后才能拿到毕业证书。通常第一阶段通过率为70%左右,第二阶段通过率不到50%。没通过的必须根据老师要求补课,重新考核。此后,凭驾校的毕业证书,学生在1年内去东京都公共安全委员会指定的驾驶试验场考交通规则,如合格,就能拿到日本驾照了。日本的驾校考勤很严,每次上课前学员都要先拿出存有个人信息的磁卡刷卡,卡上显示出当天课时的内容——如果是学科课程就显示课程和教室编号,如果是技术课程则显示课程数和练习车的车号,一目了然。另外还有一个档案本,上课前由老师收走,下课时由老师盖上印章标明日期后归还。学科课程...     

An Approximate Analytical Solution for Grout Transport Modeling： A Case Study in Luling Mining, China

This case study describes the effects of a grouting process developed to decrease groundwater flow exiting from a ruptured mine ventilation shaft lining in Luling coal mine at Huaibei, China. The primary purpose of grouting at this site is to prevent groundwater flow into the mine from adjacent aquifers. The study supports a transport perspective to describe the miscible grout movement, and provides an approximate analytical method to determine grout concentration based on Wilson and Miller's (1978) model. This study shows that the breakthrough curves (BTCs) established from the Wilson and Miller's model match the experimental BTCs obtained from test grouting performed at the site, and Rd a retardation factor of 1.1 is determined. The retardation factor and the BTC are subsequently used to guide the actual production grouting. The monitored result shows that the groundwater inflow at the disrupted ventilation well has been reduced by 47% after drilling and grouting just one borehole. The discharge rate was measured at no more than 4 m3/h after completion of four injection boreholes, which is about 13% of the 30 m3/h before grouting.