兔眼环孢霉素A缓释微球的眼内释药性研究

目的建立兔眼房水中环孢霉素A缓释微球的高效液相测定方法,考察在不同给药剂量下兔眼房水中的药物代谢特性,为该药预防后发性白内障提供理论依据。方法兔眼行晶体囊外摘除,左眼前房及囊袋内注射环孢素微球,右眼给予空白微球作对照,采用高效液相色谱法监测给药后4周内兔眼房水中环孢霉素A的浓度。色谱柱为反相C18硅胶柱,柱温为60℃,流动相为乙腈-水(67∶33),检测波长210nm。结果兔眼房水中环孢霉素A的浓度在0.13-1.25mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9951),最低检测浓度0.13mg/L,回收率95.91%,日间和日内精密度均小于5.0%。缓释微球的释药速率适中,兔眼前房给药后可在2周内维持较高浓度,高低两种给药剂量下,环孢霉素A的吸收半衰期(t1/2Ka)和血浆清除速率(CL)经检验无统计学差异,药时曲线下面积(AUC)和峰浓度(Cmax)与剂量之间线性相关。结论环孢素A缓释微球在兔眼内有较高的生物利用度,实验期内可达到抑制后发性白内障的有效浓度。     

兔眼硅胶膜植入滤过术的实验研究

目的 建立兔眼硅胶膜植入引流术模型,通过眼压、滤过泡及光镜下形态学的观察,探讨硅胶膜植入引流术的可行性、安全性。方法 将40只家兔随机分为4组,每组10只。每只家兔随机选择一眼植入硅胶膜,对侧眼行滤过术作为对照,术后观察眼压和滤过泡,并行病理组织学检查。结果 硅胶膜植入眼眼压下降维持时间和滤过泡的持续时间均长于对照眼。光镜显示硅胶膜植入眼可见开放的滤过道和咬切口。植入眼与对照眼的成纤维细胞增殖活性及规律相似。结论 硅胶膜引流术是一种安全、有效、操作简单的引流性手术。     

14周至足月胎儿角膜上皮干细胞的分布及超微结构观察

目的观察胚胎期角膜上皮干细胞的迁移规律及其超微结构,为利用胎儿角膜上皮干细胞提供理论依据。方法观察14至38周胎儿角膜上皮HE及抗人64ku角蛋白单克隆抗体(mAE5)染色反应,并观察胎儿角膜上皮干细胞的超微结构。结果14周角膜上皮由一层基底细胞被覆一至两层鳞状细胞构成,且仅有表层鳞状细胞mAE5弱阳性反应。17至29周缘部上皮有3~5层,中央部有2~3层,整层基底细胞mAE5反应阴性,其上鳞状细胞呈强阳性。33至38周角膜上皮已近成熟,仅剩缘部基底上皮细胞mAE5反应阴性。超微结构显示mAE5阴性反应的基底层细胞核异染色质多,胞质中细胞器较少,且细胞间连接也较少。结论胎儿角膜上皮干细胞呈现由全层向基底层,再向缘部逐渐迁移的分布规律,且超微结构较幼稚。     

Experimental study on cyclosporine A drug delivery system in prevention of posterior capsule opacification after intraocular lens implantation in rabbits

Objective To study the effect of cyclosporine A drug delivery system (CsA-DDS) on the prevention of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after experimental intraocular lens implantation in rabbit eyes. Methods Twenty healthy New Zealand white rabbits, whose left eyes and right eyes were used respectively as experiment eyes and controls, were subjected to extracapsular lens extraction and artificial lens implantation. During the operation, CsA-DDS with poly (lactideco-glycolide) as carriers or empty DDS was implanted in the capsular bag for the experimental eyes and controls respectively. After the operation, anterior chamber reaction, intraocular pressure (IOP) and CsA concentration were monitored and twelve weeks after the operation, the eyes were extracted for histopathological and morphological examinations. Results There were no differences between the two groups in conjunctival congestion,IOP change and anterior chamber reaction. PCO was less severe in the experimental eyes than in the controls. Light microscopy revealed that posterior capsular membrane in the experimental eyes was slick, with no obvious proliferation,whereas in the controls, there were lens epithelial cell proliferation and cortex regeneration of different degrees.Morphological examination with electron microscope showed that in the experimental eyes, lens epithelial cells did not function actively and apoptosis occurred, whereas in the controls, epithelial cells presented active function. No marked ultrastructural changes were found in either group. Conclusion Cs-DDS can inhibit PCO after intraocular lens implantation in rabbit eyes and does not have toxic effects on the surrounding ocular tissues. Therefore, it has a good potential for clinical use in prevention of PCO.     

眼球穿通伤115例临床分析

眼球穿通伤是较常见的眼外伤,是致盲的主要原因之一［１,２］。因此,预防与及时正确处理眼球穿通伤至关重要。对此,我们将本院１９９４～１９９８年收治的眼球穿通伤１１５例分析如下。临床资料１　一般情况　１１５例中男９４例,女２１例,男∶女＝４５∶１。右眼６９例,左眼４６例,左∶右＝１．５∶１,均为单眼,年龄最大７０岁,最小１岁。７～１４岁２９例,占２５２２％,１５～２９岁４０例,占３０２３％,年龄中位数为２０８岁。２　致伤物、穿通伤部位及并发症　本组常见致伤物有钢针、钢钉、铁钩、铁丝、剪刀、玻…