信号控制下人行横道宽度优化模型

为了提高行人过街安全,本文分析了信号控制下行人过街的时空分布特性,研究行人过街空间区域最大宽度与时间和人行横道纵向位置映射关系;通过对行人流量和分担率两因素的分析,对行人过街空间区域特性进行数学描述,根据实测数据并利用轨迹提取技术获取行人时空数据,建立了满足过街时间约束下的人行横道宽度优化模型;最后利用长春市4处人行横道的行人过街时空信息,以群体过街时间为验证指标对模型进行了验证,结果显示,利用本文建立的人行横道宽度优化模型所确定的行人过街时间在3处地点分别减少5.60%、3.29%和2.58%.本文建立的基于时空安全的人行横道宽度优化方法可为人行横道宽度的设计提供理论参考和技术支持.     

非严格优先权下许可相位左转车辆侵占时距分布模型

提出侵占时距的概念来描述非严格优先权下许可相位左转车流的微观特性,并根据左转车辆通过时,交叉口内对向直行车辆的不同存在形式,划分成了4种交通状态.基于大量的实测数据,利用7种不同的模型对侵占时距分布进行拟合.采用最大似然估计法进行参数估计,通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验对不同模型在不同状态下的拟合优度进行判定.最终得到Log-Logistic模型对不同交通状态下的拟合效果最优,并且其模型参数值的大小与对向直行车辆的不同存在状态有关.最后,选取了2个交叉口作为验证组,验证了Log-Logistic模型在不同交叉口不同交通状态下的适用性.     

Pedestrian crosswalk overflow violation in China: Characteristics and countermeasure

The phenomenon that pedestrians do not walk in the crosswalk during pedestrian green is defined as overflow violation, which is illegal but common. Broadly varying crossing positions at far-side cross-section may result in widely distributed conflict points with left-turning and right-turning vehicles, which may cause the occurrence of severe conflicts. This paper proposes a model to estimate the overflow pedestrians’ crossing positions at the far-side cross-section of signalized crosswalk, which enables us to better understand pedestrian overflow violation behavior and finally facilitate their safety. After analysis, the intersection geometry and destination are determined as the critical factors causing pedestrians to overflow. And then, Weibull distribution is employed to describe the stochastic characteristics of overflow pedestrians’ crossing position distribution at the far-side cross-section. A crossing position distribution model which takes the crosswalk length, width and distance between crosswalk and destination into account is developed. The established model is validated by comparing the observed pedestrian crossing positions with the estimated crossing positions. The validation results suggest that the established model is capable of being adopted to estimate the overflow pedestrians’ crossing positions at far-side cross-section. Based on the model, countermeasure for overflow violation can be put forward to prevent pedestrians from walking outside the crosswalk.