考虑街区尺寸的不同交通方式广义出行成本分析

我国的城市规划理念逐渐从封闭小区转向开放街区,以实现街区内部道路公共化,优化路网布局.但不同街区模式对城市交通的具体影响缺乏定量研究.为此,本文区分街区内外部出行,分析了街区尺寸对城市路网交通性能(出行距离、时间及转弯次数)的影响,并基于出行时间和费用,构建了各种交通方式广义出行成本,分析其在不同街区尺寸下的变化特征. 结果表明,给定路网规模下,街区尺寸越大,平均内部出行时间占比越高,越不利于公共交通出行,例如当街区尺寸为 600 m 时,公共交通方式下的平均内部出行时间占比高于私家车 10%.未来城市规划需更多地考虑街区尺寸的影响.     

Impacts of the urban parking system on cruising traffic and policy development: the case of Zurich downtown area,Switzerland

Transportation - Cruising-for-parking is a common phenomenon in many urban areas worldwide. Properly understanding and mitigating cruising can reduce travel times, alleviate traffic congestion, and...     

The effects of on‐street parking on the service rate of nearby intersections

An on‐street parking maneuver can often start a temporary bottleneck, leading to additional delay endured by the following vehicles. If the maneuver occurs near a signalized intersection, the service rate of the intersection might be reduced. In this paper, a model is built to analyze the effects of parking maneuvers on the intersection service rate. Based on the hydrodynamic theory of traffic flow, the perturbation caused by the parking maneuver is analyzed. Using dimensional analysis, we illustrate the relation between the background conditions, the distance from the parking area to the intersection, and the intersection service rate. Based on this relation, one can compute the service rate reduction caused by existing on‐street parking areas. A minimum distance between the parking area and the intersection to avoid such reduction can be accordingly found. Numerical examples based on empirical data from the city of Zurich, Switzerland, are provided to illustrate the practical applications. Although the analysis is based on streets with a single lane per direction, the findings can provide some insights regarding different situations. We hope such findings can be used as a basis for developing on‐street parking design guidelines. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.