运用车辆动态模拟装置提高东海道新干线列车的乘坐舒适性

介绍了车辆动态模拟装置在评价车辆乘坐舒适性方面的应用情况,并阐述了车辆动态模拟装置在车辆部件研发过程中的重要作用.     

钢筋混凝土桥梁柱复合箍筋置换方法的研究

抗震设防标准的提高使钢筋混凝土桥梁柱配筋复杂,施工难度增大,一种曲线形夹式钢筋可用于代替柱的中间复合箍筋,使钢筋绑扎简化。文中介绍了这种夹式钢筋的构造与替代方法,给出了夹式钢筋等效置换中间复合箍筋的计算方法,进行了钢筋混凝土柱的试验研究。在绑扎柱钢筋时,对现有的复合箍筋配筋方式的柱和用夹式钢筋代替复合箍筋的柱,进行了钢筋绑扎比较,表明采用夹式钢筋,能够保证钢筋位置的准确,施工简便,显著地提高了施工效率。低周反复荷载试验结果表明,夹式钢筋置换复合箍筋后增强了构件的耗能能力,改善了构件的抗震性能。     

Transformation Plasticity─The Effect on Metallo-Thermo-Mechanical Simulation of Carburized Quenching Process

IntroductionInelashcorhaersiblestrainaccompaniedbyslidingofcrystalsduetothermalandphasetransformationdilatationiswellknowntointensivelythethedistonionofworkpieceunderqUopching,andsomanynumericalsimulatonsll-7]havebeencAnedoutintheframeworkofmotallochermo-mechwhcsl1].Transformationplasticity(TP),anothekindofbeversiblestrain,isalsorecognizedasoneofdominantparwtersthechngthestr6ssanddistorton,andsomenumcricalcalculationaremadebytakingtheeffectintoconsideration.Figurelschematicallyillustraresthe…     

Development of low-CO2-emission vehicles and utilization of local renewable energy for the vitalization of rural areas in Japan

Most of Japan's energy supply depends on imports from foreign countries, making the independence ratio of energy in Japan very low. The Fukushima nuclear power plant accident triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami led to a mass shutdown of all the nuclear plants in Japan, a stoppage that is still in effect. In this paper, we review the energy supply situation and some social problems faced by rural areas in Japan. Given that lifestyles in rural Japan are reliant on automobiles, there is significant demand for the establishment of a sustainable mobility society. Furthermore, Japan is now entering an aging society ahead of other countries. In order to enhance the vitalization of rural areas and accelerate the establishment of sustainable society, our project developed low-CO₂-emission vehicles (i.e., a single-driver EV [micro-EV] and a low-speed E-bus) for elderly people and tourists through the cooperation of regional industries, a local university, and a city office. This paper also reports some trial test results on renewable energy utilization as the driving energy supply for these low-emission vehicles.     

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自动货车车道（ATL）是一项缓解城际高速公路货车比例偏高问题的下一代物流技术. 本文提出了一种微观-中观混合交通仿真器,用于精确评估在大规模公路网上引入自动货车车道所引起的交通流变化,并设计集成框架以确保路径选择与微观-中观仿真器校核的一致性,使用扩展后的微观车辆跟驰模型和车道变换模型反映轿车与货车之间的相互作用. 通过3个仿真案例评价自动货车车道对交通流、货车比例、旅行时间及总旅行时间节省的影响. 最后,使用混合仿真器分析道路的安全性和交通事故对旅行时间的影响. 仿真结果表明：引入自动货车车道改变了New Tomei-Meishin高速公路及该路网中其它高速公路的交通量,缩短了旅行时间,提高了安全性. 应在大范围公路网络中分析自动货车车道系统,从而获得更精确的评价.     

Temporal transferability of updated alternative-specific constants in disaggregate mode choice models

Methods of updating disaggregate discrete choice models have been proposed as a means of obtaining better transferability. However, the temporal transferability of models updated for better spatial transferability has rarely been analysed, and the factors affecting temporal transferability have not been determined. This paper deals with one updating method—the use of disaggregate data to update alternative-specific constants—and investigates the factors affecting the temporal transferability of the updated constants. In the analysis, repeated cross-section data collected in the Chukyo metropolitan area are divided, efficiently generating many application areas. The analysis showed that the factors can depend on regional characteristics and past travel behaviours (inertia), and are anti-symmetric and path-dependent of changes in the level of service.     

Correcting state dependence and serial correlation in the RP/SP combined estimation method

Revealed preference (RP) data and stated preference (SP) data have complementary characteristics for model estimation. To enhance the advantages of both data types, a combined estimation method is proposed. This paper discusses the method and practical considerations in applying it, and introduces a new method of considering serial correlation of RP and SP data. An empirical analysis is also presented.     

Mode choice models' ability to express intention to change travel behaviour considering non-compensatory rules and latent variables

Disaggregate behaviour choice models have been improved in many aspects, but they are rarely evaluated from the viewpoint of their ability to express intention to change travel behaviour. This study compared various models, including objective and latent models and compensatory and non-compensatory decision-making models. Latent models contain latent factors calculated using the LISREL (linear structural relations) model. Non-compensatory models are based on a lexicographic-semiorder heuristic. This paper proposes ‘probability increment’ and ‘joint probability increment’ as indicators for evaluating the ability of these models to express intention to change travel behaviour. The application to commuting travel data in the Chukyo metropolitan area in Japan showed that the appropriate non-compensatory and latent models outperform other models.