车辆结构技术的最新进展

文章针对不锈钢制车体激光焊接区的强度评价法、复动式车钩缓冲器、减轻车体挠曲振动方法、带轴减振器的车体减振系统以及不锈钢车体的碰撞安全性等5个专题,介绍了车辆结构技术研究部的研究成果,阐述了技术发展动向。     

CFD performance prediction simulation for hull-form design of sailing boats

A new simulation method is developed for the design of sailing boats. A time-accurate, finite-volume method is combined with the equations of motion, and the hydrodynamic properties of sailing boats are predicted. The hull configuration is designed by a CAD system, and a boundary-fitted grid system is generated for the finite-volume method. Six components of forces and moments are derived by integrating surface pressure and tangential stress, and input into the equations of motion. The translational or rotational motions obtained are represented by the deformation of the grid system. This is repeated in a time-marching procedure. This system is applied to the prediction of both steady and unsteady sailing performance of boats. The degree of accuracy is examined, and two examples of performance simulation are presented.     

改善新干线车辆车轴常规检测

用实尺寸车轴进行断裂力学计算、疲劳试验，对目前超声波探伤的精度进行测定，以提高新干线车辆车轴常规检测的效率而又不降低其安全性。作为许可的裂纹，提议对车辆最重要的部位，齿轮侧轮座内端3mm深的裂纹，对可能在运动中损伤的车轴中间无配合部位2mm深的裂纹进行检测，发现只要运用应力和残余应力保持现有水平，就有可能省去新干线车辆的转向架磁粉检测。     

欧洲铝合金车辆的现状调查

为了调查欧洲铝合金车辆的应用状况,进行了现场和文献两种调查。调查内容主要有：（1）铁道车辆的现状和各种车体材料的普及状况;（2）铝合金在铁道车辆上的应用背景;（3）除车体以外,铝合金零件在车辆上的应用;（4）铁道车辆采用的铝合金材料;（5）铝合金车辆的制造技术;（6）维修;（7）其他等。这次现场调查,可以说尽管碰到难以想象的困难,在得到充分的情报方面,也难有进展。但对铝合金车辆车体的应用原因、具体的应用材料、除车体以外,铝合金作车辆零件的应用实例乃至铝合金车辆今后的动向等方面,还是能够概要地把握的。即使在欧洲,铝合金车辆也是以双壳车体为主流,一般使用的铝合金材料是6005A合金。使用铝合金的理由是基于其较轻的质量和较低的价格。作为铝合金用在车体以外的实例,则有乘客用的登车台阶和车钩等。     

Finite-volume simulation method to predict the performance of a sailing boat

 A flow-simulation method was developed to predict the performance of a sailing boat in unsteady motion on a free surface. The method is based on the time-marching, finite-volume method and the moving grid technique, including consideration of the free surface and the deformation of the under-water shape of the boat due to its arbitrary motion. The equation of motion with six degrees of freedom is solved by the use of the fluid-dynamic forces and moments obtained from the flow simulation. The sailing conditions of the boat are virtually realized by combining the simulations of water-flow and the motion of the boat. The availability is demonstrated by calculations of the steady advancing, rolling, and maneuvering motions of International America's Cup Class (IACC) sailing boats. Received: December 25, 2001 / Accepted: March 26, 2002