Urban form,travel time,and cost relationships with tour complexity and mode choice

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate how relative associations between travel time, costs, and land use patterns where people live and work impact modal choice and trip chaining patterns in the Central Puget Sound (Seattle) region. By using a tour-based modeling framework and highly detailed land use and travel data, this study attempts to add detail on the specific land use changes necessary to address different types of travel, and to develop a comparative framework by which the relative impact of travel time and urban form changes can be assessed. A discrete choice modeling framework adjusted for demographic factors and assessed the relative effect of travel time, costs, and urban form on mode choice and trip chaining characteristics for the three tour types. The tour based modeling approach increased the ability to understand the relative contribution of urban form, time, and costs in explaining mode choice and tour complexity for home and work related travel. Urban form at residential and employment locations, and travel time and cost were significant predictors of travel choice. Travel time was the strongest predictor of mode choice while urban form the strongest predictor of the number of stops within a tour. Results show that reductions in highway travel time are associated with less transit use and walking. Land use patterns where respondents work predicted mode choice for mid day and journey to work travel.

A simplified methodology for evaluating alternative tanker configurations

Current MARPOL regulations for hypothetical oil ouflow and tank size limitations apply a deterministic approach which does not properly account for varying wing tank and double-bottom dimensions. Important considerations such as the influence of hydrostatic balance and tidal changes on the stranded vessel are not addressed in these regulations. This paper presents a more rational approach for evaluating oil outflow for double-hull and mid-deck tankers. This proposed methodology, while easy to apply, allows for the optimization of tankage configurations, and provides an effective means for indexing the environmental performance of tankers.     

邦德座驾 电影中的一抹“亮色”

相信很多人都注意到了,在007系列电影中,詹姆斯·邦德最常开的座驾应该是Aston和Lotus。当然,这些可不是唯一的007座驾,从1953年第一部007电影《诺博士》(Dr.No)开始,詹姆斯·邦德的每一部座驾可谓都是大众瞩目的焦点。在接下来的时间里,我们将为您重点介绍那些出神入化、帮助这位英国特工完成任务的超级"帮手"。     

阿尔斯通公司第四代ETR 600型摆式列车

介绍了第四代ETR 600型摆式列车的结构特点以及采用的新技术.     

The sequenced activity mobility simulator (SAMS): an integrated approach to modeling transportation, land use and air quality

The persistence of environmental problems in urban areas and the prospect of increasing congestion have precipitated a variety of new policies in the USA, with concomitant analytical and modeling requirements for transportation planning. This paper introduces the Sequenced Activity-Mobility Simulator (SAMS), a dynamic and integrated microsimulation forecasting system for transportation, land use and air quality, designed to overcome the deficiencies of conventional four-step travel demand forecasting systems. The proposed SAMS framework represents a departure from many of the conventional paradigms in travel demand forecasting. In particular, it aims at replicating the adaptative dynamics underlying transportation phenomena; explicitly incorporates the time-of-day dimension; represents human behavior based on the satisficing, as opposed to optimizing, principle; and endogenously forecasts socio-demographic, land use, vehicle fleet mix, and other variables that have traditionally been projected externally to be input into the forecasting process.     

Mobile offshore bases—an overview of recent research

The Mobile Offshore Base (MOB) is a multipurpose, floating logistics base which can be stationed in coastal or international waters. The offshore base is comprised of self-propelled modules that are connected together at sea to form a runway and support base for fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. The MOB is used as a prepositioned cargo stowage and transshipment point, enabling the movement of cargo to and from ships in an open seaway. Described here is an approach to developing a mobile, offshore basing capability. The work is discussed in context of two significant MOB projects including a discussion of criteria and major technical issues. Presented at the International Workshop on Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS'96), 25–28 November 1996, Hayama, Japan     

Quantification of thermal damage in skin tissue

Skin thermal damage or skin burns are the most commonly encountered type of trauma in civilian and military communities. Besides, advances in laser, microwave and similar technologies have led to recent developments of thermal treatments for disease and damage involving skin tissue, where the objective is to induce thermal damage precisely within targeted tissue structures but without affecting the surrounding, healthy tissue. Further, extended pain sensation induced by thermal damage has also brought great problem for burn patients. Thus, it is of great importance to quantify the thermal damage in skin tissue. In this paper, the available models and experimental methods for quantification of thermal damage in skin tissue are discussed.     

罐车牵引梁失效容限分析全尺寸验证试验

介绍了用铁道车辆的全尺寸多轴液压伺服台－－模拟加载器，以及建立在裂纹分析方法基础上的失效容限分析，并以北美铁路摧车工业所承担的罐车牵引梁研究项目为例，采用模拟加载器来验证失效容限分析。     

A tale of two cities

Land use and transportation mutually affect each other. Unfortunately, most transportation decision making procedures assume that public agencies cannot shape future land use patterns, and that past land use practices unswervingly determine future conditions. In A Tale of Two Cities, the author surveys the correlations between land use policies and travel behavior in two Oregon cities (Portland and Hillsboro).Building on successes the City of Portland has achieved in reducing reliance on the automobile, the author outlines a recent project by 1000 Friends of Oregon, titled Making the Land Use, Transportation, Air Quality Connection (LUTRAQ). According to the author, the purpose of LUTRAQ is to replicate Portland's approach in a more suburban context. Specifically, LUTRAQ is attempting to develop a realistic land use/transportation/demand management alternative to a proposed new bypass freeway and to accurately measure that alternative for its effects on travel demand, land use, air quality, climate change, and other indices. Although LUTRAQ is a project in progress, the author provides preliminary information that suggests the alternative successfully reduces demand for single occupancy automobile travel.     

Addressing the joint occurrence of self-selection and simultaneity biases in the estimation of program effects based on cross-sectional observational surveys: case study of travel behavior effects in carsharing

Transportation - We estimate the effect of carsharing on travel behavior (specifically, household vehicle holdings, frequency of transit usage, and frequency of biking and walking) using data from...