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1.
The role of transport disadvantage in the social exclusion of low income and marginalised households and communities has received
increasing academic and policy interest over the last 10 years or so. Against a backdrop of studies that have predominantly
considered this issue within various national contexts, this paper offers a unique opportunity to compare different national context. The paper is informed by a commissioned study for the State of Victoria Department of Transport (Lucas,
Study of transport exclusion in the state of Victoria: It doesn’t have to be this way, 2008), which wished to draw lessons from the United Kingdom in order to promote a similar policy agenda for the State. It is the
authors’ contention that the issue of transport-related social exclusion is likely receive growing international policy recognition
in the context of global recession, associated local job losses and reduced disposable incomes, as well as the ageing structure
of most Western societies. The paper seeks to disseminate the important findings of our study about the potential for policy
transfer to other national and local contexts to a wider academic, policy and practitioner audience. 相似文献
2.
Transportation - Life events, such as childbirth or retirement, provide a crucial opportunity in which an individual’s habitual travel routines are disrupted and they may be especially... 相似文献
3.
Life events, such as the birth of a child, disrupt habitual travel behaviour and provide a valuable opportunity to influence the adoption of sustainable transport practices. However, in order for sustainable travel practices to be adopted, an understanding is required of the factors that influence travel mode choice among families with young children. Research in this field is particularly timely given many in the millennial generation, a comparably large cohort, are approaching this life stage. This comprehensive literature review develops a framework of factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children. The findings reveal a multitude of factors influence decisions about mode choice, and, in particular, encourage travel by car, when travelling with young children. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research about travel among families with young children, a largely overlooked group of transport users. 相似文献
4.
A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments. 相似文献
5.
Mobile ICTs and physical mobility: Review and research agenda 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anne Aguiléra Caroline Guillot 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(4):664-672
The question of the relationship between the spread of communication tools and the physical mobility of individuals is not new and arose with the arrival of the fixed telephone and, more recently, the development of the Internet and especially e-commerce. The extraordinary spread of individual, especially portable, communication tools like the mobile phone, has recently generated new interest in this topic in the fields of transportation economics, geography and sociology. This article discusses the main topics that have been explored, from the debate between complementarity and substitution to analyses in terms of interactions with the spatiotemporal organization of daily activities, the size and maintenance of social networks, and, finally, perception of travel and spaces. We then identify several issues that we think merit further exploration. 相似文献
6.
Abstract Aquaculture and its specialized cousin, mariculture, provide some potential additional food sources and economic revenues. Technological barriers to increased mariculture production are being removed, but many legal and institutional barriers remain. Examples of the current and potential regulation of mariculture in Texas by state and federal authorities are examined. The effect of various state and federal regulations on the development of mariculture is discussed from a legal and institutional viewpoint. The potential for growth of mariculture is considered questionable without regulatory reforms, particularly at the federal level. 相似文献
7.
Reliability in cost estimates in publicly funded projects is more important today than ever with increased governmental funding
to infrastructure projects and associated accountability requirements, but surface transportation projects, large and small,
in the United States have a legacy of cost overruns. The problems with these overruns start with the cost estimation process
before projects begin. Studies have shown that early cost estimations reflect best-case scenarios rather than realistic expectations,
and have attributed technical, economic, psychological, and political reasons for underestimation. The primary objectives
of this research were to determine how costs have been presented and updated in environmental impact statements, to identify
endemic technical problems with cost estimation during the environmental review of surface transportation projects, and to
develop recommendations for improving cost estimation and disclosure. Cost estimation methods were analyzed from the documents
of 100 projects, including draft environmental impact statements, final environmental impact statements, and records of decision.
The study concluded that the lack of guidance on how to include cost estimation in environmental review revealed itself in
the level of detail and attention given to estimating costs. Agencies omitted or included various aspects of cost estimation
randomly. Professional organizations should fill the gap of the need for specific guidance to cost estimation for environmental
review so it can evolve as a state of the practice. 相似文献
8.
9.
M. G. Graham 《Maritime Policy and Management》1998,25(2):129-147
This article considers the perennial topic of how to acheive an equilibrium balance between stability and competition in intermodal shipping. It argues that competition is becoming destructive, but that the imbalance is difficult to correct in a climate where competitive pressures are strog everywhere and restraints on competiiton are unfashionable. In this context, pricing of intermodal services, the emergence of multi-trade alliances, the revelance of contestable market theory and developments in regulatory policies are all examimned. Some points towards restoring an equilibrium balance are offered. 相似文献
10.
The impact of high-speed technology on railway demand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper estimates a passenger railway demand function to analyse effects arising from the introduction and use of high-speed
technologies. The paper reports estimates of demand elasticities with respect to price, income, quality of service and a range
of exogenous characteristics. The results show that travel time savings from conventional high-speed technology have a larger
impact on passenger demand than tilting train technology. The introduction of conventional high-speed technology is associated
with an 8% increase in passenger railway demand. Increasing the use of either type of high-speed technology appears to induce
small positive effects on demand beyond those obtained from usual traffic density increases on non-high-speed existing technology.
Antonio Couto is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) at the University of Porto. He received his PhD from FEUP in 2005 having completed a thesis in railway transport economics. His research focuses on issues related to transport economics and infrastructures. Daniel J. Graham is a Reader in the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. He specialises in the economics of transport, focusing in particular on modelling the implications of transport provision and accessibility for productivity and economic growth. 相似文献
Daniel J. Graham (Corresponding author)Email: |
Antonio Couto is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) at the University of Porto. He received his PhD from FEUP in 2005 having completed a thesis in railway transport economics. His research focuses on issues related to transport economics and infrastructures. Daniel J. Graham is a Reader in the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. He specialises in the economics of transport, focusing in particular on modelling the implications of transport provision and accessibility for productivity and economic growth. 相似文献