TBM及其在中国的应用(1)

1前言 这篇报告援引了许多与中国未来工程有关的大型地下工程和特长深埋隧道工程实例.这些工程只有通过运用精湛的隧道施工技术(尤其是高度机械化的TBM)、特别的管理以及认识到采用这些方法所产生的能力的提高和费效比的增加才可能达到成功.这并不意味着毫无问题,而是因为在运用这些创新技术中所遇到的困难被相关部门顽强地克服了.     

TBM及其在中国的应用(4)

3.12中国利用西方国家的TBM经验加速发展本国TBM技术的理由 3.12.1技术开发和革新是需要时间的     

TBM及其在中国的应用(2)

3工程和技术实例 3.1在长大和深埋隧道工程方面其它国家的经验 3.1.1工程实例 在国际上,许多地铁、公路和水利方面的隧道正投入使用或正在建设之中,还有的才处于计划阶段.     

TBM及其在中国的应用(3)

3.6先进的掘进及支护系统 3.6.1其他先进的掘进技术 除了上述的各种主要的先进TBM技术外,还有下列几种先进的地下掘进技术:     

Public private partnerships in transportation: Some insights from the European experience

Most EU member states and the European Commission regard the PPP as an important tool to attract additional financial resources for high priority investments such as transport. The objective of this paper is to delineate the EU panorama of PPP markets and investigate the impacts of EU institutions in the development and success of this type of financial arrangement for the transport sector in Europe. We examine how the scope of the PPP in Europe is based on the flexibility and adaptability of the contract to the features of the project and to the economic and institutional environment. These issues are illustrated through a number of examples in the transport sector. We conclude by observing that the market for PPPs, although still fragmented nationally, is developing a European dimension and attracting resources from a variety of players.