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Justice in transport as justice in accessibility: applying Walzer’s ‘Spheres of Justice’ to the transport sector 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Karel Martens 《Transportation》2012,39(6):1035-1053
This paper seeks to provide a theoretical basis for a distributive approach to transport. Using the theory developed by Michael Walzer in his ??Spheres of Justice?? (1983), I argue that the transport good, defined as accessibility, should be distributed in a so-called separate sphere, i.e. independent from the way in which other key goods, like money or power, are allocated. I subsequently explore what kind of justice principle could guide the distribution of the transport good, once a separate sphere would be established. This preliminary exploration results in the elimination of a number of widely supported distributive principles, and in the tentative identification of a criterion matching the particularities of the transport good. The explorations in the paper are not intended as final answers, but rather seek to open the debate about the need for an explicit distributive transport policy and the distributive principle that should guide such a policy. 相似文献
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Transportation - With shared mobility services becoming increasingly popular and vehicle automation technology advancing fast, there is an increasing interest in analysing the impacts of... 相似文献
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Annika Stensson Trigell Malte Rothhämel Joop Pauwelussen Karel Kural 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2017,55(10):1572-1617
ABSTRACTThis paper presents state-of-the art within advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety. The most common accidents with heavy trucks involved are truck against passenger cars. Safety critical situations are for example loss of control (such as rollover and lateral stability) and a majority of these occur during speed when cornering. Other critical situations are avoidance manoeuvre and road edge recovery. The dynamic behaviour of heavy trucks have significant differences compared to passenger cars and as a consequence, successful application of vehicle dynamic functions for enhanced safety of trucks might differ from the functions in passenger cars. Here, the differences between vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks and passenger cars are clarified. Advanced vehicle dynamics solutions with the perspective of road safety of trucks are presented, beginning with the topic vehicle stability, followed by the steering system, the braking system and driver assistance systems that differ in some way from that of passenger cars as well. 相似文献
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Karel Martens Aaron Golub Glenn Robinson 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(4):684-695
Transportation improvements inevitably lead to an uneven distribution of user benefits, in space and by network type (private and public transport). This paper makes a moral argument for what would be a fair distribution of these benefits. The argument follows Walzer’s “Spheres of Justice” approach to define the benefits of transportation, access, as a sphere deserving a separate, non-market driven, distribution. That distribution, we propose, is one where the maximum gap between the lowest and highest accessibility, both by mode and in space, should be limited, while attempting to maximize average access. We then review transportation planning practice for a priori distributional goals and find little explicit guidance in conventional and even justice-oriented transportation planning and analyses. We end with a discussion of the implications for practice. 相似文献
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Karel Martens 《Transportation》2011,38(6):959-974
While distributive aspects have been a topic of discussion in relation to cost–benefit analysis (CBA), little systematic thought
has been given in the CBA literature to the focus of such an equity analysis in evaluating transport projects. The goal of
the paper is to provide an overview of the various directions an equity analysis, carried out within the context of a social
cost–benefit analysis, could take. The paper starts from the widely-shared definition of distributive justice: the morally
proper distribution of goods and bads over members of society. Following this definition, carrying out an equity analysis
requires that decisions are made about: (1) the benefits and costs that are distributed through a transport project; (2) the
members of society between whom benefits and costs are distributed; and (3) the distributive principle that determines whether
a particular distribution is fair. Much of the discussions about cost–benefit analysis and equity do not address these questions
in any systematic way. The paper aims to provide a framework. Three sets of benefits and costs are identified as a possible
focus of an equity analysis: (1) net benefits; (2) mobility-enhancing benefits; and (3) individual benefits and costs. For
each set, a discussion follows regarding the way in which members of societies could be divided into meaningful groups, as
well as the possible yardstick for judging whether a certain distribution is fair. While the paper acknowledges that the choice
between the three sets is ultimately a political decision, it ends with a set of arguments that suggest that the equity analysis
of transport projects should focus first and foremost on the mobility-enhancing benefits generated by such projects. 相似文献
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