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Transport models, philosophy and language 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paul Timms 《Transportation》2008,35(3):395-410
The aim of this paper is to encourage debate about the nature of transport modelling. It does so firstly by considering the
underlying philosophies of science (apparently) adopted by transport modellers, over a period of more than 50 years, from
the 1950s until the present day. The conclusion is that a new philosophy of science needs to be developed, which is more in
tune with how transport modelling is actually carried out (as opposed to how early transport modellers thought it ought to
be carried out). It is recommended that such a new philosophy perceives transport modelling as a linguistic activity within
the overall context of transport planning, which is in turn considered as a communication process. The paper outlines three
main approaches that could be taken in this respect, analysing transport models from metaphorical, narrative and aesthetic
perspectives. Conclusions are drawn upon the possible future research directions that might follow from the analysis provided
in the paper, emphasising the importance of bringing formal philosophical thinking into transport modelling research and practice.
Paul Timms is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. He has been involved for 20 years in research covering a wide range of transport modelling (from traffic signals to world futures), applied to various locations in Europe, Asia and Latin America. 相似文献
Paul TimmsEmail: |
Paul Timms is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. He has been involved for 20 years in research covering a wide range of transport modelling (from traffic signals to world futures), applied to various locations in Europe, Asia and Latin America. 相似文献
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A new procedure for generating optimal transport strategies has been applied in nine European cities. A public sector objective
function which reflects concerns over efficiency, environmental impact, finance and sustainability is specified and a set
of policy measures with acceptable ranges on each, identified. Optimal strategies based on combinations of these policy measures
which generate the optimal value of the objective function, are identified, and compared between cities. Resulting policy
recommendations are presented. The results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach to transport strategy formulation.
They emphasise the role of changes in public transport service levels and of fares, and of charges for car use. By contrast,
new infrastructure projects are less frequently justified. In the majority of cities the revenues from car use charges are
sufficient to finance other elements in the strategy. However, private sector involvement either in initial financing or in
operation may be desirable. Revised objective functions to reflect private sector involvement are specified, and optimal strategies
with private sector operation of public transport are also identified. The requirement to meet private sector rates of return
for public transport operation typically results in lower frequencies and higher fares; charges for car use then need to be
raised to satisfy public policy objectives, but system performance is reduced.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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