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The development of behaviourally richer representations of the role of well-established and increasingly important influences on modal choice, such as trip time reliability and accounting for risk attitude and process rules, has moved forward at a fast pace in the context of automobile travel. In the public transport setting, such contributions have, with rare exception, not been considered. In this paper, we discuss and empirically illustrate the merits of advanced modelling developments aimed at improving our understanding of public transport choice, namely the inclusion of reliability in extended expected utility theoretic forms, to recognize risk attitude and perceptual conditioning, the consideration of passenger crowding and its inclusion in linear additive models, and the role of multiple heuristics in representing attribute processing as a way of conditioning modal choice. We illustrate the mechanics of introducing these behaviourally appealing extensions using a modal choice data set collected in Sydney. 相似文献
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For a long time, a maritime education meant the education of a mariner where technical knowledge of seafaring was taught.
However, shipping has evolved into a global and sophisticated business where two kinds of managers are required: one that
deals with the operation of the vessel and the other that deals with the shore-side business. The education landscape for
shipping has also evolved with time. A mariner’s education has evolved from apprenticeship on a ship to a professional certificate
from maritime academies. The shore-side business is traditionally staffed by master mariners that made the career transition
from sea to shore but the current staffing trend is to employ graduates schooled in business and/or management. It has been
long recognised that shore-side business personnel should ideally be also knowledgeable in vessel operations. Under this scenario,
several maritime degree programmes have cropped up around the world to bridge the knowledge gap of shore-side business personnel.
This paper provides an overview of the evolution of maritime education and selected maritime degree programmes around the
world and proposes a conceptual framework for comparing the programmes. The conceptual framework serves as a guide for evaluating
maritime education and an aid to curriculum design where choices of courses need to be made to fit into a 3-year or 4-year
study programme. 相似文献
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