正确订购和使用日本专厂汽车零部件

进口汽车的维修配件供应品种、交货期、质量、价格一直是令广大汽车用户困惑的问题。陆永华同志长期从事这方面的工作,通过积累资料、悉心研究,撰写了本文,对日本汽车的纯正件、专厂件、配套件等作了详尽分析,并提出了订货工作的注意事项,值得广大经营单位、汽车用户借鉴。     

Adaptive Multi-Objective Optimization of Bionic Shoulder Joint Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

To get the movement mode and driving mechanism similar to human shoulder joint, a six degrees of freedom (DOF) serial-parallel bionic shoulder joint mechanism driven by pneumatic muscle actuators (PMAs) was designed. However, the structural parameters of the shoulder joint will affect various performances of the mechanism. To obtain the optimal structure parameters, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used. Besides, the mathematical expressions of indexes of rotation ranges, maximum bearing torque, discrete dexterity and muscle shrinkage of the bionic shoulder joint were established respectively to represent its many-sided characteristics. And the multi-objective optimization problem was transformed into a single-objective optimization problem by using the weighted-sum method. The normalization method and adaptive-weight method were used to determine each optimization index’s weight coefficient; then the particle swarm optimization was used to optimize the integrated objective function of the bionic shoulder joint and the optimal solution was obtained. Compared with the average optimization generations and the optimal target values of many experiments, using adaptive-weight method to adjust weights of integrated objective function is better than using normalization method, which validates superiority of the adaptive-weight method.     

康明斯B系列柴油机——东风六吨和八吨平头柴油载货车配套动力

美国康明斯发动机公司(Cummins Engine Company)是世界著名的柴油机制造厂,它以最佳的燃油消耗率和较大的比功率以及使用可靠性和耐久性,受到汽车及工程机械行业的青睐。二汽于1987年引进了康明期B系列柴油机,每缸排量为0.98L,用于6t货车的是685.9或6BT5.9(选用),用于8t货车的是6BT5.9或6BTA5.9(选用)。     

空气滤清器的失效是导致进口柴油车发动机早期磨损的主要原因

我国从1984年开始陆续从日本进口较多柴油载货汽车,大多用车单位能按原厂使用说明书规定合理使用,定期保修,基本上能达到首次大修里程30万千米左右。但也有一些用户,由于使用不当而出现发动机早期磨损,被迫提前大修理,即使装以进口配件,也很难保持应有的寿命,一般只有一半甚至三分之一的寿命,而空气滤清器的失效则是发动机早期磨损的主要原因。例如某单位的一辆进口大客车使用不到一年,发动机     

火眼金睛辨膺品——谈日本进口汽车配件真伪的鉴别(续上期)

3.活塞环的鉴别①日本活塞环的专业生产厂主要是下列三家:日本活塞环公司,代号为NPR;理研公司,代号为RIK;帝国活塞环公司,代号为TP. ②零件的外观检查: 1)虽然每种型号发动机的活塞环结构不一定相同,但其第一道气环的外侧(外圆)表面上必然镀以硬铬,以改善其耐磨性.柴油机刮油环的外圆表面上,大多也镀硬铬.有些发动机的第二、三道气环外圆表面上也镀硬铬.凡镀铬表面,其光结度