Fuzzy Approach to the Real Time Longitudinal Velocity Estimation of a FWD Car in Critical Situations

This paper presents a new approach to the fuzzy estimation of the variables of complex, fast, closed-loop systems. It is used to develop an original real-time longitudinal velocity estimator for FWD cars. Its application covers highly critical driving situations and avoids the use of an expensive optical cross-correlation sensor. The aim is to provide vehicle monitoring processes with a reliable value of the longitudinal velocity. Fuzzy aggregate indicators are used to identify and detect the different ways a vehicle behaves. Then, a fuzzy expert system with rules based on these indicators decides which values should be used among those which allow the estimation of the longitudinal velocity.     

屏蔽电缆的电磁脉冲时域耦合特性研究

屏蔽电缆对电磁脉冲辐射场的耦合特性对电子设备、系统的电磁干扰控制和电磁脉冲防护具有重要意义。研究屏蔽电缆的双传输线模型分析方法,计算不同频段电磁脉冲辐射场激励下,两种典型的屏蔽电缆在屏蔽层两端不同接地状态时,屏蔽层和芯线上的感应电流。编织屏蔽电缆芯线上的感应电流比管状屏蔽电缆大几个数量级;由于集肤效应的影响,管状屏蔽电缆芯线上的耦合随着频率的升高而降低;编织屏蔽电缆由于编织电感和小孔电感的影响,芯线上的耦合随着频率的升高而升高。对于高灵敏的高频、微波系统,对电磁脉冲的防护时要选用管状屏蔽电缆。     

面向对象有限元程序的数据设计

面向对象语言丰富的数据类型及类的继承性为有限元方法提供了更高的数据安全性和设计灵活性，同时也带来了一些传统的面向过程程序设计方法所没有的问题。本文用封装在类里的数据代替Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ有限元程序中的公用区变量以降低耦合性；用静态变量定义类对象的共同属性以减少冗余性；用单元对象的链表结构取代单元文件以提高单元管理的效率和灵活性。对面向对象有限元程序设计所涉及的数据设计和维护的其它方面也进行了讨论。     

Use of SeaWiFS data for light availability and parameter estimation of a phytoplankton production model of the Bay of Biscay

Processing SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) data provides useful information for the observation and modelling of the phytoplankton production of the Bay of Biscay. Empirical algorithms allow the retrieval of chlorophyll a and non-living Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentrations. These data are used to constrain a coupled 3D physical–biogeochemical model of the Bay of Biscay continental shelf. Two issues are investigated, depending on the variable used, to constrain the winter to spring phytoplankton production for the year 2001. First, SPM data is used as forcing data to correct the corresponding state variable of our model. This allows the realistic simulation of the light limited bloom at the end of February 2001, as observed with SeaWiFS chlorophyll a images and from the NUTRIGAS field cruise. Second, chlorophyll a data is used for parameter estimation of the biogeochemical model. The ability of assimilating these data is tested to improve the simulation of strong blooms observed in late May 2001 in the Loire and Gironde plumes. A global optimization method (Evolutive Strategies) is adapted to the complete 3-D coupled model, in order to find the best set of parameters. The hydrological conditions during the bloom can be validated with data from the PEL01 field cruise. After selection of the most sensitive parameters, the method is tested with twin experiments. Then, the use of real SeaWiFS data reduces the model/data misfit by a factor of two, improving the simulation of bloom intensities and extensions. The sets of parameters retrieved in each plume are discussed.     

构建海船驾驶专业实践教学体系的建议

本文根据海船驾驶专业教学的职业特点，提出了构建实践教学体系的六个组成部分，并结合航海教学的实际，建议从教学计划、教学投入、实训教师的队伍建设、教学手段和考核评估、实训教材建设等方面推进改革。     

Enrichment, concentration and retention processes in relation to anchovy (Engraulis ringens) eggs and larvae distributions in the northern Humboldt upwelling ecosystem

A Lagrangian model is used to simulate and quantify in the northern Humboldt upwelling ecosystem the processes of enrichment, concentration and retention, identified by Bakun [Bakun, A., 1996. Patterns in the ocean. Ocean processes and marine population dynamics. University of California Sea Grant, California, USA, in cooperation with Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas de Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 323 pp.] as being important for the survival and recruitment of early life stages of pelagic fish. The method relies on tracking the positions of particles within water velocity fields generated by a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Simple criteria for considering particles as participating to enrichment, concentration or retention are used to derive indices of the three processes. We analyse the spatial distribution of and seasonal variability in these indices. The results are discussed in relation to anchovy (Engraulis ringens) eggs and larvae distributions off Peru, and to a comparable study conducted in the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem.     

渗流作用下被动桩桩后土体的破坏机理

基于离散元的颗粒流方法和计算流体动力学的Navier-Stokes方程,建立了渗流作用下的被动桩桩后土体变形分析模型;分别用墙和圆形颗粒模拟桩和土体固相颗粒,用Navier-Stokes方程描述土体渗流,研究了渗流作用下桩后土体的变形破坏过程、影响因素和防治措施。结果表明:桩后土体在渗流作用下形成土拱效应,但随着土拱附近颗粒楔紧,局部水力梯度增大,土拱从拱脚开始破坏;渗透压力对桩后土体能够提供的最大阻滑力影响较大;增大桩表面粗糙度或者在桩后侧端部增加过滤墙结构能够提高被动桩对桩后土体提供的最大阻滑力。研究结果揭示了渗流作用下桩后土体的变形破坏规律,可为渗流条件下被动桩工程的优化设计提供依据。     

载货汽车防护装置最佳离地高度和刚度的分析

在大型载货汽车与轿车的碰撞事故中，轿车钻入载货汽车下部是十分可怕的死亡交通事故形态。前下部防护装置，后下部防护装置能够有效地防止钻入碰撞事故。此文分析了下部防护装置的离地高度和刚度对钻入碰撞防护效果的影响，下部防护装置在确保阻止钻入碰撞功能的前提下应尽可能多地吸收碰撞能量，以减轻轿车在碰撞中的伤害。以上述原则计算出了不同离地高度的下部防护装置的最佳刚度。     

高等级公路膨胀土地段路基施工技术

在分析膨胀土工程特性的基础上，提出了膨胀土路基施工技术要点和基本要求，同时介绍了石（家庄）安（安阳）高速公路邢台段膨胀土地基处理技术措施     

国道321线阳朔月亮山-桂林段公路生态恢复和景观建设技术

文章结合全桂路、桂阳路基本概况和景观特点,对现有主要植被生态学和生物学特性进行分析,采用融合设计的思想,建立了旅游区的公路景观与环境融合的规划设计框架体系,提出绿化景观与边坡植被恢复融合的设计方法。