Timing sequence changes of landscape plants in Shanghai Area,China

Based on published reports and direct observation, the common resources of landscape plant species in the Shanghai area were identified and studied in terms of the landscape characteristics of timing sequence changes over a one year time period. The results showed that there were 199 common landscape plant species in Shanghai, distributed in 67 families and 129 genera. These plants were categorized by three ornamental characteristics: flowers, foliage and fruits. The species were thus further analyzed according to the time periods which these characteristics were present. The results showed that flower ornamental distributed throughout the year, particularly from April to June, and plant species with colorful foliage could be seen every month, and particularly in November and December. On the other hand, few plant species with fruit ornamentals were observed in Shanghai area. The diversity of landscape timing sequence changes of the 199 plant species under examination was then analyzed by using the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson index formulas. The results showed that the higher diversity was observed in January, February and from August to October, while the lowest diversity was recorded from March to July and during November and December. The diversity of landscape characteristics of these plants was ranked according to foliage, flowers and fruit. Using this method, one park and one plant community were selected to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of their time-changing plant landscape, with the goal of assessing the validity of the chosen ranking method. These results in the present study would be helpful to evaluate the plant landscape in a specified space and further enrich the diversity of plant and landscape by a target-oriented way.     

重庆轨道交通某区间隧道与施工通道交叉段施工力学研究

为确保区间隧道与施工通道交叉段施工的安全和质量,研究了交叉段的围岩应力状态及变形机制,依托重庆轨道交通某区间隧道与施工通道形成的交叉断面特征,建立了三维有限元数值模型,分析了交叉段围岩位移、应力特征及塑性区特征,并结合现场监控量测资料,研究交叉段围岩应力分布和位移变化趋势。结果显示,在隧道交叉部位拱脚出现应力集中,拱顶处竖向位移出现突变,施工时需加强对这2个部位的支护和监控量测;隧道开挖会在左、右侧墙拱脚及左、右隧道之间的小净距区域形成塑性区,施工时需加强支护。研究成果可为隧道交叉段的设计、施工提供科学依据,对同类工程具有一定的参考价值。