ROV attitude control based on multi-motor cooperative propulsion北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了提高遥控水下航行器(ROV)在复杂水下环境中的姿态控制性能,开展多电机协同推进的ROV姿态控制研究。[方法]首先,针对多电机系统的结构和算法,分别提出一种基于PID速度补偿器的偏差耦合结构和一种新型非奇异终端滑模控制(SMC)算法,并设计一种新颖的基于多电机协同推进的ROV姿态控制方法;然后,建立ROV的运动学和动力学模型,开展推进器组推力建模分析、解耦简化ROV动力学模型研究;最后,设计一种ROV滑模姿态控制器。[结果]仿真结果表明,所提的结构和算法可提高多电机系统的抗干扰性、同步性和快速响应能力,进而提高ROV姿态控制系统的稳定性与鲁棒性。[结论]所提方法可为ROV姿态控制提供一种新的可用方案。     

Fault diagnosis of marine diesel engine intake and exhaust system based on dynamic feature fusion北大核心CSCD

[目的]船舶系统由多设备的复杂机构组成,各组件参数具有动态性和非线性的特点,所以故障诊断过程复杂。为提高诊断效率,提出一种动态特征融合方法。[方法]利用分形理论、动态理论及核主元分析(KPCA)法对系统状态数据进行重构、映射及筛选,得到主元特征数据矩阵,求得平方预测误差(SPE)及相应的控制限,构建出基于船舶柴油机进排气系统健康数据的离线监测模型,利用该模型对系统进行故障诊断分析。为验证模型的有效性,选取某船舶柴油机进排气系统的故障数据进行验证分析。[结果]结果表明,动态特征融合分析方法可有效实现对系统动态非线性状态数据的精确分析,实现对系统故障的高效分析和诊断。与KPCA及支持向量机(SVM)方法相比,所提方法具有更好的故障诊断性能。[结论]该方法可实现船舶柴油机进排气系统故障的检测和诊断,提升系统运行的可靠性和安全性。     

Development and prospects of initial alignment method for strap-down inertial navigation system北大核心CSCD

Initial alignment technology is directly related to the navigation accuracy and startup time of the strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS), and has always been regarded as a challenging focal point in the research field of inertial navigation. This paper makes a comprehensive survey of SINS initial alignment technology, briefly introduces the basic principles of initial alignment without latitude, coarse alignment with known latitude and precise alignment, and points out their advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions. The research and effects of existing initial alignment error suppression techniques are then analyzed and discussed. Finally, according to the problems of existing initial alignment methods and the development requirements of the carrier, the future research direction of SINS initial alignment technology is predicted. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

Influence of initial heeling angle on ship roll motion response北大核心CSCD

[目的]系统地研究初始横倾角对随机横浪下船舶横摇运动响应的影响。[方法]以路径积分法为基础,通过数值求解控制横摇运动微分方程概率属性的Fokker-Planck方程,得到横摇运动响应的概率分布。[结果]结果显示,初始横倾角对船舶横摇运动响应谱的影响有限,但对横摇角概率分布以及横摇运动响应极值分布的影响十分明显,且会造成船舶安全性的显著恶化。[结论]路径积分法可作为研究随机海浪下船舶横摇运动特性的有效数值方法。     

New method for predicting full-scale power performance of pumpjet propulsion system based on statistical learning北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对“适配于螺旋桨的船尾线型+泵喷推进器”构成的船舶泵喷推进系统,提出一种基于统计学习的实船快速性预报新方法。[方法]以某大型水面船舶泵喷推进系统为对象,通过神经网络学习典型推进泵的推力系数图谱曲线,综合运用船-桨配合时的K_(T)-J曲线和船体-喷泵配合时的推力特性曲线,建立“仅需船舶阻力曲线就能实现船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报”的新方法,并基于船模阻力试验、泵喷模型敞水试验及船体-泵喷自航试验的测量换算结果对实船推进性能的预报结果开展精度校验。[结果]校验结果表明:在航速18~30 kn范围内,船舶泵喷推进系统的自航转速、推力和功率的预报误差可控制在5.4%以内,其中设计航速附近的误差甚至小于2%;船体-泵喷的相互作用程度介于船-桨与船体-喷泵之间且幅值相对较小,推力减额系数为趋向于0的极小值,故船舶泵喷推进系统是介于桨轴推进系统和喷水推进系统之间的产物。[结论]该预报方法有利于提升船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报的能力,可为新型舰艇泵类推进系统总体设计/研究提供参考。     

Research progress and application of computational method for hydrodynamic noise from air-water interface北大核心CSCD

含水气界面水动力噪声是船海工程结构物经常遇到的一类典型重要噪声,具有机理复杂、声源形式多样、传播影响因素众多等特点。含水气界面水动力噪声与自由面相互作用,受空化、水气泡混合流等影响,对舰船的隐蔽性造成很多负面影响,具有重要的研究意义。分别从自由面噪声、空化噪声和水气泡混合流噪声3个方面进行介绍,并阐述相应噪声的计算方法以及在噪声计算时需要考虑的关键问题和目前所采用的解决方案。最后,展望未来的研究发展方向。     

A citation network analysis of sustainability development in liner shipping management: a review of the literature and policy implications

ABSTRACT

Based on an analysis of 253 related papers drawn from the Web of Science database, this study examines holistic sustainability research in liner shipping management literature using a citation network analysis (CNA) approach followed by a qualitative analysis of findings. We identify four major research domains, namely shipping performance, port selection and management, shipping markets, and environment, as well as related sub-domains of shipping performance. We discuss the current research trends and focal issues in these domains with a focus on their implications for policy development. Our results indicate that while the sustainability discourse in the literature has developed and matured significantly over the last decade, generating valuable insights for practitioners and regulators alike, it still struggles with blurry terminology and a lack of holistic frameworks jointly addressing the different aspects of sustainability: Economic considerations of liner shipping are still the main concern, while environmental and social issues are less regarded in the academic discourse. Furthermore, we identify a dearth of studies rooted in managerial or economic theory. In this regard, our study provides insights on the scope of the holistic sustainability discourse in liner shipping management, its contributions to theory and practice, and its implications for the further development of policies addressing sustainability in liner shipping management. We advocate further construct development for sustainability in liner shipping, as well as empirical tests of the antecedents of sustainability practice adoption in the industry for future research.     

Air transport and economic growth: a review of the impact mechanism and causal relationships

ABSTRACT

The impacts of air transport on the economy arise both directly, via activity in the aviation sector; and indirectly, via increased spending and wider economic benefits associated with improved access to resources, markets, technology and economic mass. Economic activity, in turn, supports and generates demand for air transport. Despite its potential importance, the reciprocal nature of the causal relationship between air transport and economic performance has remained somewhat understudied. This paper provides a synthesis review of the channels the aviation sector interacts with regional economy. The review focuses on quantitative studies that contribute to the state-of-the-art understandings of the causality. We find that the reciprocal causal relationship is more likely to prevail in less developed economies. For more developed economies, only one direction of the causality is recognised, which runs from air transport to economic growth. Especially substantial is the effect of airline enplanement on service-related employment. The reverse direction of the relationship is, however, not as significant as believed in a causal sense within the developed world. Therefore, cautions need to be taken when applying income elasticities (such as the elasticity of air passenger demand with respect to GDP) in air travel demand forecasting, which implicitly assumes that economic growth causally leads to air traffic increment. Based on the fundamental links between air transport and economic growth, some typical imperfections and inefficiencies in aviation markets are discussed and promising avenues for future research are proposed.     

Experience as a conditioning effect on choice: Does it matter whether it is exogenous or endogenous?

Previous choice studies have proposed a way to condition the utility of each alternative in a choice set on experience with the alternatives accumulated over previous periods, defined either as a mode used or not in a most recent trip, or the mode chosen in their most recent trip and the number of similar one-way trips made during the last week. The paper found that the overall statistical performance of the mixed logit model improved significantly, suggesting that this conditioning idea has merit. Experience was treated as an exogenous influence linked to the scale of the random component, and to that extent it captures some amount of the heterogeneity in unobserved effects, purging them of potential endogeneity. The current paper continues to investigate the matter of endogeneity versus exogeneity. The proposed approach implements the control function method through the experience conditioning feature in a choice model. We develop two choice models, both using stated preference data. The paper extends the received contribution in that we allow for the endogenous variable to have an impact on the attributes through a two stage method, called the Multiple Indicator Solution, originally implemented in a different context and for a single (quality) attribute, in which stage two is the popular control function method. In the first stage, the entire utility expression associated with all observed attributes is conditioned on the prior experience with an alternative. Hence, we are capturing possible correlates associated with each and every attribute and not just one selected attribute. We find evidence of potential endogeneity. The purging exercise however, results in both statistical similarities and differences in time and cost choice elasticities and mean estimates of the value of travel time savings. We are able to identify a very practical method to correct for possible endogeneity under experience conditioning that will encourage researchers and practitioners to use such an approach in more advanced non-linear discrete choice models as a matter of routine.

     

The Movingo integrated ticket: seamless connections across the mälardalen region of Sweden

ABSTRACT

The need for improved public transport (PT) ticketing in ever-growing deregulated PT markets has made well-designed integrated ticketing systems a priority area of intervention for PT service providers around the world. Yet, very little practical evidence of its impacts are reported in Sweden and in the world at large. The focus of this study was the impacts of the Movingo integrated ticketing scheme in terms of PT patronage, user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the ticketing set-up. Three travel surveys were conducted along the Stockholm-Uppsala route. Methods including logistic regression and correlated t-tests were used to analyse the samples. The findings suggest that the scheme made rail commuting more attractive resulting in an overall increase of about 24% in ticket sales with 3% – 15% car commuters reporting that they patronised PT services after the project. The scheme also resulted in increased rail commuter satisfaction. The overall perceived quality of the ticketing set-up did not however improve due to interoperability challenges. Service providers’ uncertainty about equitable distribution of revenue among the participating service providers, interoperability challenges and the lack of interest among most of the participating service providers to sell Movingo tickets are some issues to be addressed.