Maritime education in cross cultural settings

Cross-cultural interaction is growing in our global economy. Expanding maritime trade in ports around the world reinforces the need for standardized training and education to cope with new global technologies and logistics systems. Working, studying and interacting in cross-cultural settings can lead to problems of misunderstandings and misinterpretations among people having different worldviews.     

Benthic community patterns reflect water column processes in the Northeast Water polynya (Greenland)

Benthic community patterns were investigated in the Northeast Water polynya (Greenland) during the summers of 1992 and 1993 to elucidate to what extent the bottom fauna is influenced by the dynamics of the overlying water. Five different fractions of the benthos (foraminiferans, nematodes, polychaetes, peracarid crustaceans, and epibenthic megafauna), ranging in average adult body size over 6 orders of magnitude (from about 100 μm to about 10 cm), were sampled quantitatively at 69 stations in water depths from 40 to 515 m. Total abundances of nematodes, polychaetes and peracarid crustaceans were found to be primarily correlated with parameters characterizing the potential benthic food supply (water column pigment and nitrate concentrations, sediment bound pigments and sediment biological activity), whereas abundances of foraminiferans and megabenthos were largely associated with seabed properties. Four benthic zones were distinguished by separately analyzing the faunistic composition and distribution of the five community fractions for Ob Bank, Western Westwind Trough, Eastern Westwind Trough, and Belgica Trough. This pattern was shown principally to reflect pelagic regimes differing in surface water hydrography, ice cover and euphotic productivity. This is the first time that a synoptic study of several benthic community portions spanning such a range in sizes and life styles has been performed in a polar shelf ecosystem. Our results indicate that abundances as well as composition of Arctic benthos are largely influenced by mesoscale pelagic processes, and thus provide further evidence for the importance of the benthic-pelagic coupling in high latitude seas.     

北京地铁4号线客流特征分析

对北京轨道AFC数据库(交通卡刷卡原始数据)进行提炼分析,并进行模型分配。以轨道交通4号线为例进行客流特征分析,论述客流在时间、空间、断面以及站点上的不均衡特征,以及换乘站的换乘客流特征,为轨道运营管理及客流疏导提供支持。     

ZPW-2000A站内移频电码化N+1 FS电路的改进

分析了25Hz站内相敏轨道电路叠加ZPW-2000A型移频电码化设备N+1 FS电路存在的问题,提出了电路的修改方案,并在现场的实际设备中通过试验证明了其可行性,从而得到了广泛应用。     

铁路机车配件储备优化管理的实践与探索

广梅汕铁路有限责任公司龙川机务段主要担当京九铁路、漳龙铁路、畲汕铁路的牵引任务,现有内燃机车84台.2003年以来,该段以贯彻落实ISO9000质量管理体系为指导,建立物资采购供应管理、存货"零库存"管理、机车配件验收管理、物资申请计划管理等多项管理机制,运用ABC分类方法对库存物资进行系统的划分和汇总,确定机车中修必换、常用、罕用配件的范围和数量;运用现代化的信息管理体系,实现与财务系统资源共享和物资收发、计划、统计等全面信息化的目标:运用控制论原理,完善成本控制管理制度,严格把住成本支出源头,实行成本的实时、有效控制,实现效益的最大化,构建"布局合理、结构科学、库存优化、周转加快"的物资储备新局面.     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

后置发动机城市公交车冷却系统的定性分析

简要介绍后置发动机城市公交客车冷却系统的布置结构,定性分析影响后置发动机城市公交客车冷却系统散热效果的各种原因,明确提高冷却系统散热效果的途径以及设计中的处理建议、注意事项等。     

Exploring the impact of walk–bike infrastructure,safety perception,and built-environment on active transportation mode choice: a random parameter model using New York City commuter data

This study estimates a random parameter (mixed) logit model for active transportation (walk and bicycle) choices for work trips in the New York City (using 2010–2011 Regional Household Travel Survey Data). We explored the effects of traffic safety, walk–bike network facilities, and land use attributes on walk and bicycle mode choice decision in the New York City for home-to-work commute. Applying the flexible econometric structure of random parameter models, we capture the heterogeneity in the decision making process and simulate scenarios considering improvement in walk–bike infrastructure such as sidewalk width and length of bike lane. Our results indicate that increasing sidewalk width, total length of bike lane, and proportion of protected bike lane will increase the likelihood of more people taking active transportation mode This suggests that the local authorities and planning agencies to invest more on building and maintaining the infrastructure for pedestrians. Further, improvement in traffic safety by reducing traffic crashes involving pedestrians and bicyclists, will increase the likelihood of taking active transportation modes. Our results also show positive correlation between number of non-motorized trips by the other family members and the likelihood to choose active transportation mode. The model would be an essential tool to estimate the impact of improving traffic safety and walk–bike infrastructure which will assist in investment decision making.