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1.
著名的莆田祥应庙前身是当地白杜方氏家族专用的祠堂.庙里供奉的神灵显惠侯,当地的百姓把他视为农业生产及生命财产的保护神,同时,他也是航海者信奉的神灵.本文作者以周尾和朱纺这两人出海之前均到该庙膜拜的典型事例,分析指出上述二人的出海经商与白杜方氏家族存在着直接关系,可能是受雇于当时既从事农业又涉猎海上贸易的白杜方氏家族,因此宋时显惠侯只是一个地方性的神灵,只对某一部分人提供某些特定的庇护,并不具有普遍意义. 相似文献
2.
Fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon in three estuarine systems of the Cantabrian Sea (north of Spain) 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
The diffusive and in situ fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) have been measured and an estimation has been made of the water–atmosphere fluxes of CO2 in three estuarine systems of the Cantabrian Sea during the spring of 1998. Each of these systems undergoes a different anthropogenic influence. The diffusive fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity obtained present values ranging between 0.54–2.65 and 0.0–2.4 mmol m−2 day−1, respectively. These ranges are in agreement with those of other coastal systems. The in situ fluxes are high and extremely variable (35–284 mmol TA m−2 day−1, 43–554 mmol DIC m−2 day−1 and 22–261 mmol dissolved oxygen (DO) m−2 day−1), because the systems studied are very heterogeneous. The values of the ratio of the in situ fluxes of TA and DIC show on average that the rate of dissolution of CaCO3 is 0.37 times that of organic carbon oxidation. Equally, the interval of variation of the relationship between the benthic fluxes of inorganic carbon and oxygen (FDIC/FDO) is very wide (0.3–13.9), which demonstrates the different contributions made by the processes of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of the organic matter, as well as by the dissolution–precipitation of CaCO3. The water–atmosphere fluxes of CO2 present a clear dependence on the salinity. The brackish water of these systems (salinity<20), where maximum fluxes of 989 mmol m−2 day−1 have been estimated, act as a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. The more saline zones of the estuary (salinity>30) act as a sink of CO2, with fluxes between −5 and −10 mmol m−2 day−1. 相似文献
3.
Shape Optimization of Elliptical Road Containers Due to Liquid Load in Steady-State Turning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. Popov Research Associate S. Sankar Professor Director T.S. Sankar Professor 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1996,25(3):203-221
A numerical analysis of liquid load in elliptical road containers undergoing a steady-state turning manoeuvre is presented for containers of unrestricted size and for containers of fixed capacity. The liquid load is expressed in terms of the horizontal and vertical forces and the overturning moment created by these forces around the middle bottom point of the container. The moment is obtained by integrating the liquid free-surface equation and using numerical calculation of the resulting expressions. An optimization study with an objective to minimize the peak overturning moment is performed on containers of fixed capacity to identify the optimal height/width ratio of the container. The results of this investigation being of a general nature, i.e. with no restriction for an application, are particularly intended for road tankers under a steady turning manoeuvre, where they can be applied with high degree of accuracy. 相似文献
4.
D. W. Shuttlewood D. A. Crolla R. S. Sharp I. L. Crawford 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1993,22(5):383-396
The development of a mathematical model of a limited bandwidth hydro-pneumatic suspension that is incorporated into a vehicle handling model is described. The combined model is used to evaluate a suitable control strategy for eliminating body roll during a cornering manoeuvre. The philosophy behind the roll control strategy has been to use feedback measurements of the body motions which do not compromise the ride control. A study of the influence of the position of the body motion feedback transducer on the effectiveness of the system to reduce the body roll is presented. Non-linear modelling of the suspension components for a 0.8g cornering manoeuvre has revealed performance limitations. Conclusions are drawn as to the effectiveness of the control scheme. 相似文献
5.
HE Tseng J. Asgari D. Hrovat P. van der Jagt A. Cherry S. Neads 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2005,43(3):199-216
In the pursuit of an objective rating on vehicle stability performance, it is always desirable to reduce disturbances and inconsistencies during experimental evaluations, especially the ones introduced by human drivers. This paper presents the development of a steering robot designed for closed-loop steering tasks during evasive manoeuvres. It describes the controller structure and discusses experimental results, in addition to simulation/vehicle model verifications and theoretical control analysis. 相似文献
6.
以FRP正弦波形夹心桥面板作为研究对象,得到等效正交各项异性实心板,通过理论分析和数值对比,证明了方法的可行性;采用该法对一实际的FRP正弦波形夹心板桥进行了模态分析。 相似文献
7.
Globalization, liberalization, competition and spatial interaction are significant factors affecting the transformation of manufacturing industries worldwide. In the transportation and logistics industry, however, cooperation is becoming even more critical than competition in determining firms' efficiency. Cooperation has always characterized the liner sector in which strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions have generated twin effects: notable increases in ship size and falls in freight rates. Meanwhile, the stevedoring industry is undergoing privatization-driven consolidation and the emergence of global pure terminal operators. This article focuses on vertical integration between global carriers and terminal operators. We address the following key current issues:
We close analysing one of the core problems of the market, namely the evolving role of the dedicated terminals. For the pure stevedores they represent an opportunity to secure a cargo, while in the hands of the liners they enable cost stability and the possibility to put pressure on pure terminal operators. 相似文献
- dedicated terminals as a strategy for cutting costs and controlling integrated transport chains;
- the struggle for supply chain control, involving global carriers versus global terminal operators, driven by financial power and technical and managerial capability.
We close analysing one of the core problems of the market, namely the evolving role of the dedicated terminals. For the pure stevedores they represent an opportunity to secure a cargo, while in the hands of the liners they enable cost stability and the possibility to put pressure on pure terminal operators. 相似文献
8.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain. 相似文献
9.
C. Julian Parker 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2003,2(2):99-113
This article is in three parts. The first covers the historical development of qualifying associations. The second covers the particular role of maritime institutions that include The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology and The Nautical Institute. The third and final section considers the future for maritime professional associations in the context of international shipping. 相似文献
10.
This paper presents a procedure for the estimation of origin‐destination (O‐D) matrices for a multimodal public transit network. The system consists of a number of favored public transit modes that are obtained from a modal split process in a traditional four‐step transportation model. The demand of each favored mode is assigned to the multimodal network, which is comprised of a set of connected links of different public transit modes. An entropy maximization procedure is proposed to simultaneously estimate the O‐D demand matrices of all favored modes, which are consistent with target data sets such as the boarding counts and line segment flows that are observed directly in the network. A case study of the Hong Kong multimodal transit network is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. 相似文献