Experimental and finite element analysis of fatigue strength for 300 mm2 copper power conductor

The fatigue strength of a 300 mm² stranded copper conductor was investigated experimentally and by finite element (FE) analysis. An analytical model was also developed and validated. Wires taken from the outer layer of the conductor were fatigue tested in tension–tension loading and compared with similar data for wires taken from a 95 mm² conductor. The wire cross section was deformed due to the compacting process that was applied during fabrication. When corrected for stress concentrations due to the deformation the data for the two sets of wire fell within the same scatter-band. Full scale testing was carried out in a specially designed rig with constant tensile load and reversed displacement controlled bending with a fixed curvature variation. The loading is a simulation of the loading of a power cable hanging from a floating vessel through a bellmouth. Conductors were tested in two states; dry and lubricated. A finite element model was established for the copper conductor. The model was formulated by a combination of elastic beam and beam-contact elements that included the effects of friction. The effect of local bending due to contact forces was included in the model. Two contact conditions were investigated; the point (trellis) contact between adjacent layers of wire and the inline contact within each layer and between the first layer (centre wire) and the second layer. The FE model was validated by a calibration test of a full scale conductor, and by sensitivity studies varying the size and the number of elements of the model. Fatigue analysis of the conductor was carried out, based on the S–N curve for individual wires. Taking into account the effects of friction and local bending, agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental fatigue strength of the conductor, for the FE model as well as the analytical model.     

理化检验样品中铅,铜测定的微波消化条件探讨

报道了利用微波消化检验样品的基本原理，并介绍了利用民用微波炉，聚四氟乙烯高压罐消化样品的操作方法及最佳消化条件。经微波消化的消化液。应用原子吸收法测定其中的铅和铜，并做了回收率实验。测定结果变异系数铜：２．０％－４．５％，铅：２．５％－３．８％。回收率铜９８．０％－９９．０％，铅：９６．０％－９９．５％。     

Influence of the heavy fuel spill from the Prestige tanker wreckage in the overlying seawater column levels of copper, nickel and vanadium (NE Atlantic ocean)

The water column above the Prestige wreckage was sampled during two consecutive campaigns: Prestinaut (December 2002) two weeks after the tanker sunk and HidroPrestige0303 (March 2003) one month after the sealing of the main fuel leaks. Samples of the original cargo fuel and the emulsified fuel in the surface of the ocean were also collected. Analysis of the fuel indicated the release of 135 kg of Cu, 1700 kg of Ni and 5300 kg of V from the original fuel to the water column, remaining 35 kg of Cu, 3100 kg of Ni and 13,800 kg of V in the emulsified fuel. The metal partitioning between the water column and the emulsioned floating fuel, Cu > Ni ~ V, are in accordance with the stability index for the metal–nitrogen bond in metalloporphyrins. This release had an impact on dissolved trace metal concentrations in the water column. An increase on dissolved copper (2.8–4.7 nM) and nickel (2.2–8.0 nM) with respect to natural values (1–3 nM for Cu and 1.6–5 nM for Ni) was observed. Values for vanadium (28–35 nM) were in the range of pristine North Atlantic waters (30–36 nM). This contamination was especially observed in the upper water column (0–50 m), associated with the mixing of seawater with the fuel moving upwards, and in deep waters, where the residence time of fuel is higher. Future research in this field should focus on the environmental variables and the processes that control the release of contaminants from fuels for a better assessment of the contamination in oil-spill events.     

Empirical Study on Arbitrage Opportunities in China Copper Futures Market

Introduction Arbitrage opportunities attract considerable atten-tion of scholars in economics and finance. Modiglianiand Miller first performed no-arbitrage equilibriumanalysis in 1958[1]. Following their work, Black andScholes[2]deduced the option pricing model. Ross[3]and Cox[4]put forward arbitrage theory and risk neu-tral pricing method. Harrison and Kreps[5], and Har-rison and Pliska[6]proved that the no-arbitrage equi-librium system can be constructed by equivalent mar-tingale measur…     

尼龙块型及自润滑铜块型提升架结构导向滑块的对比分析

通过对以尼龙块为导向的提升架结构计算分析发现,尼龙块和螺栓在受到外力时均产生较大的变形,应力超过其许用值；提出了采用自润滑铜块代替尼龙的方案,同时增大所用螺栓的规格,分析表明自润滑铜块和螺栓的强度及变形均满足要求,现场试验结果与理论分析一致,试验表明自润滑铜块能够确保滑板提升结构使用的可靠性。     

螯合纤维及离子交换树脂对铜离子吸附动力学性能比较

考察了实验室自制离子螯合纤维和商用D113交换树脂对铜离子的吸附动力学。用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程拟合吸附等温线,用准一级和准二级动力学方程拟合吸附速率和再生速率实验数据,结果显示螯合纤维及D113树脂对铜离子的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,螯合纤维的准一级和准二级吸附速率常数分别是D113树脂的12和30多倍,再生速率常数分别是D113树脂的7倍和6倍。浓度影响实验和中断实验结果显示,螯合纤维对铜离子的吸附速率由膜扩散控制,而D113树脂对铜离子的吸附速率在低浓度(<200mg/L)的时候由膜扩散控制,较高浓度(>300mg/L)时由膜扩散和粒扩散共同控制。     

霍加拉特催化剂催化燃烧VOCs研究综述

霍加拉特催化剂主要由铜锰混合氧化物组成,它不但对CO低温氧化有高活性,也能高效催化燃烧挥发性有机物(VOCs),所以一直是研究的热点。本文介绍了催化燃烧的优点,综述了霍加拉特催化剂催化燃烧卤代烃、芳香烃、脂肪烃、含氧有机物等挥发性有机物的研究进展,并分析了混合VOCs在催化燃烧过程中的相互作用,指出了以后的研究方向。     

锁钩铜套磨损量探尺在ZYJ7型道岔维护中的应用

为了实现对ZYJ7型道岔锁钩铜套磨损量判定的一致性,制作了针式锁钩铜套磨损量探尺.介绍探尺的结构、参数及其功能.现场试验和近1年的应用表明,利用针式锁钩铜套探尺,可准确判断铜套磨损量,有效避免因锁钩铜套磨损量超标引起的道岔故障.     

中间过渡金属对阻尼铜与不锈钢扩散焊接头强度的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针及X射线衍仪射仪等,采用加中间过渡金属Ni、Cu后,铜合金CuAlBe与不锈钢lCrl8Ni9Ti扩散焊接头的结合强度进行了试验研究。结果表明,在相同条件下,采用Ni中间层的接头强度明显高于采用Cu中间层的接头强度;但当Ni箔较薄时,Al与Fe及Ni将发生相互作用,形成金属间化合物Fe2Al等,从而降低了接头性能;当温度较高时,由于Ni在Cu中的扩散速度大于Cu在Ni中的扩散速度,界面处会产生柯肯达尔效应,也导致接头强度降低。     

6DL发动机散热器材料改进与性能试验分析

文章针对某汽车制造厂6DL汽车发动机水温偏高的问题,制订了三种改进的散热器方案,并对铜制散热器与铝制散热器的性能进行了试验对比分析。结果表明,铝制散热器能较好地解决大马力发动机普遍存在的水温偏高问题。