我国筑路机械行业迎接“入关”浅议

本文分析了我国重返关贸总协定(简称“入关”)后筑路机械行业的市场供求现状,提出了筑路机械工业为迎接“入关”挑战在经济规模、产业结构、技术质量、管理营销、售后服务等方面的看法。     

Paying for harbor maintenance in the US: Options for moving past the Harbor Maintenance Tax

The Harbor Maintenance Tax is a fundamentally flawed maintenance funding mechanism for the critical US port system. Three alternatives were analyzed. User fee rates were estimated for either a national or regional tonnage based fee. Our results indicate that maintenance cost recovering regional fees could vary widely from about 10 cents per tonne to nearly 80 cents per tonne. A national rate would be about 30 cents per tonne. The large regional differences and affects on bulk shippers are likely to make implementing and maintaining cost recovering tonnage based fees infeasible. Two other mechanisms are considered. One possibility is to abolish the HMT without a replacement mechanism. The obvious strength of this approach is its simplicity, the weaknesses is that it is not budget neutral. Another possibility is to increase the federal diesel tax rate. One strength of the approach is the reasonable rate increase required to recover port maintenance costs (estimated between 0.278 and 0.315 cents per liter). An additional strength is that relatively inefficient fuel users will either make the largest share of the additional payments or the freight will shift modes to one that is more efficient. One weakness is that the rate has been unchanged since 1997, this points to the political difficulty involved in passing such a rate increase.     

我国职业安全标准化前景展望

贸易技术壁垒协定(TBT)是关贸总协定(GATT）对缔约国际标准化工作的规定，其基本原则是：无论技术法规，标准，还是合格评定程序的制定，都应以国际标准化机构(IS0)制定的相应国际标准、导则或建议为基础。虽然0HSMSl8000系列标准是由发达国家行业组织的法规发展而来，且尚未列入IS0系列标准中，但从发展看，应看到其先进合理的一面，其管理水平及效应也是毋庸置疑的。估计，少则5年，多则10年，0HSMS系列标准迟早会成为IS0的系列标准，我国作为成员国必须及早加快0HSMS与国际接轨的步伐。